Editing Foreign relations of China (section)

=== Debt trap allegations ===
China financed [[Hambantota International Port]] in Sri Lanka, which drew allegations of [[debt-trap diplomacy]] when Sri Lanka defaulted on its loans and China took control of the port for 99 years.<ref name="bloomb">{{cite web|last=Marlow|first=Iain|date=17 April 2018|title=China's $1 Billion White Elephant|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-17/china-s-1-billion-white-elephant-the-port-ships-don-t-use|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503015142/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-17/china-s-1-billion-white-elephant-the-port-ships-don-t-use|archive-date=3 May 2019|access-date=15 September 2018|publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> Some western analysts have suggested China's debt-trap diplomacy may hide hegemonic intentions and challenges to states' sovereignty.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 February 2019|title=China's Era of Debt-Trap Diplomacy May Pave the Way for Something Sinister|url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/chinas-era-debt-trap-diplomacy-may-pave-way-something-sinister-42927|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401015136/https://nationalinterest.org/feature/chinas-era-debt-trap-diplomacy-may-pave-way-something-sinister-42927|archive-date=1 April 2019|access-date=3 February 2019|website=[[The National Interest]]}}</ref> A 2022 study from Johns Hopkins University's [[China Africa Research Initiative]] found that contrary to popular narratives regarding Hambantota port, there were no Chinese debt-to-equity swaps, no asset seizures, and no "hidden debt."<ref name="CARI-2022">{{Cite web|last=Umesh Moramudali and Thilina Panduwawal|date=29 November 2022|title=Evolution of Chinese Lending to Sri Lanka Since the mid-2000s: Separating Myth from Reality|url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5652847de4b033f56d2bdc29/t/638689771d0e3c4beb14bf2f/1669761400150/Briefing+Paper+-+Sri+Lanka+Debt+-+V5.pdf|access-date=5 January 2023|website=[[China Africa Research Initiative]]}}</ref> It concluded that "the popular narrative of Sri Lanka getting caught in a Chinese debt-trap has been debunked on many occasions."<ref name="CARI-2022" /> Numerous other academics have also argued that the notion of a Chinese "debt-trap" is false, and have called the allegation a "meme" based on anxiety about China's rise,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brautigam|first=Deborah|date=2 January 2020|title=A critical look at Chinese 'debt-trap diplomacy': the rise of a meme|journal=Area Development and Policy|volume=5|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.1080/23792949.2019.1689828|s2cid=214547742|issn=2379-2949}}</ref> a function of China-US rivalries rather than reality,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jevans Nyabiage|date=6 June 2022|title=Chinese debt traps in Africa? The big worry is bondholders: study|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3180478/chinese-debt-traps-africa-bigger-worry-bondholders-study-finds|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503190500/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3180478/chinese-debt-traps-africa-bigger-worry-bondholders-study-finds|archive-date=3 May 2024|access-date=14 October 2022|website=South China Morning Post}}</ref> and that such allegations of "neo-colonialism" are false or misrepresentations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Dawn C.|title=China's rise in the Global South: the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order|date=2022|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-1-5036-3060-4|location=Stanford, California|page=84|oclc=1249712936}}</ref> As of 2021, China had not seized the Sri Lankan port or any other asset from another country.<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Deborah Brautigam|author-link=Deborah Bräutigam|author2=Meg Rithmire|date=6 February 2021|title=The Chinese 'Debt Trap' Is a Myth|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2021/02/china-debt-trap-diplomacy/617953/|url-access=subscription|access-date=14 October 2022|magazine=The Atlantic}}</ref>