Editing Ethnicity (section)

==Ethnic groups by continent==
===Africa===
{{Main|List of ethnic groups of Africa}}
{{importance section|date=June 2021}}

Ethnic groups in Africa number in the hundreds, each generally having its own [[Languages of Africa|language]] (or [[dialect]] of a language) and [[culture]].

===Asia===
{{Main|Ethnic groups in Asia|East Asian people|South Asian ethnic groups|Ethnic groups of Southeast Asia|Ethnic groups in the Middle East}}
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2013}}

[[File:Assyriankhigga.jpg|thumb|upright=1.05|[[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] are one of the indigenous peoples of Northern [[Iraq]].]]

Ethnic groups are abundant throughout [[Asia]], with adaptations to the climate zones of Asia, which can be the Arctic, subarctic, temperate, subtropical or tropical. The ethnic groups have adapted to mountains, deserts, grasslands, and forests.

On the coasts of Asia, the ethnic groups have adopted various methods of harvest and transport. Some groups are primarily [[hunter-gatherer]]s, some practice [[transhumance]] (nomadic lifestyle), others have been agrarian/rural for millennia and others becoming industrial/urban. Some groups/countries of Asia are completely urban, such as those in [[Hong Kong]], [[Shanghai]], and [[Singapore]]. The colonization of Asia was largely ended in the 20th century, with national drives for independence and [[self-determination]] across the continent.

In [[Indonesia]] alone, there are more than [[Ethnic groups in Indonesia|600 ethnic groups]],{{sfn|Ananta|Arifin|Hasbullah|Handayani|2015|pp=12, 27–28}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bps.go.id/news/2015/11/18/127/mengulik-data-suku-di-indonesia.html |title=Mengulik Data Suku di Indonesia |publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia|Badan Pusat Statistik]] |access-date=12 February 2020 |date=18 November 2015}}</ref> which are located on 17,000 islands in the [[Indonesian archipelago]].

[[Russia]] has more than 185 [[Ethnic groups in Russia|recognized ethnic groups]] besides the eighty percent [[Russians|ethnic Russian]] majority. The largest group is the [[Tatars]], 3.8 percent. Many of the smaller groups are found in the Asian part of Russia (see [[Indigenous peoples of Siberia]]).

===Europe===
{{Main|Ethnic groups in Europe}}
[[File:Olentzero, Beasain.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Basques]] constitute an indigenous ethnic minority in both France and Spain.]]
[[File:Sami family Finland 1936.jpg|thumb|upright=.7|[[Sámi people|Sámi]] family in [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]] of Finland, 1936]]

Europe has a large number of ethnic groups; Pan and Pfeil (2004) count 87 distinct "peoples of Europe", of which 33 form the majority population in at least one sovereign state, while the remaining 54 constitute [[ethnic minority|ethnic minorities]] within every state they inhabit (although they may form local regional majorities within a sub-national entity). The total number of national minority populations in Europe is estimated at 105 million people or 14% of 770 million Europeans.<ref>Christoph Pan, Beate Sibylle Pfeil, ''Minderheitenrechte in Europa. Handbuch der europäischen Volksgruppen'' (2002)., English translation 2004.</ref>

A number of European countries, including [[France]]<ref>{{in lang|fr}} ''article 8 de la [http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006068624&dateTexte=20080129 loi Informatique et libertés] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320232123/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006068624&dateTexte=20080129 |date=20 March 2019 }}, 1978: "Il est interdit de collecter ou de traiter des données à caractère personnel qui font apparaître, directement ou indirectement, les origines raciales ou ethniques, les opinions politiques, philosophiques ou religieuses ou l'appartenance syndicale des personnes, ou qui sont relatives à la santé ou à la vie sexuelle de celles-ci."''</ref> and [[Switzerland]], do not collect information on the ethnicity of their resident population.

An example of a largely [[nomadic]] ethnic group in Europe is the [[Romani people|Roma]], pejoratively known as Gypsies. They originated from India and speak the [[Romani language]].

The [[Serbia]]n province of [[Vojvodina]] is recognizable for its [[Multinational state|multi-ethnic]] and [[Multiculturalism|multi-cultural]] identity.<ref>{{Cite book |first1=Gábor |last1=Lux |first2=Gyula |last2=Horváth |title=The Routledge Handbook to Regional Development in Central and Eastern Europe |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2017 |page=190}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first1=Béla |last1=Filep |title=The Politics of Good Neighbourhood: State, civil society and the enhancement of cultural capital in East Central Europe |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2016 |page=71}}</ref> There are some 26 ethnic groups in the province,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arhiva.serbia.gov.rs/cms/view.php/1045.print.html |title=Serbian Government – Official Presentation |work=serbia.gov.rs |access-date=26 March 2018 |archive-date=8 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808011508/http://www.arhiva.serbia.gov.rs/cms/view.php/1045.print.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and six languages are in official use by the provincial administration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bgcentar.org.rs/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&id=22:podzakonska-akta&download=250:statut-autonomne-pokrajine-vojvodine&Itemid=54 |title=Beogradski centar za ljudska prava – Belgrade Centre for Human Rights |date=29 March 2015 |work=bgcentar.org.rs |access-date=26 March 2018 |archive-date=7 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807220627/http://www.bgcentar.org.rs/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&id=22:podzakonska-akta&download=250:statut-autonomne-pokrajine-vojvodine&Itemid=54 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

===North America===
{{Main|Ethnic origins of people in Canada|Ethnic groups in Central America|Demographics of Greenland|Demographics of Mexico|Ethnic groups in the United States| Indigenous peoples of the Americas#North America|Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous peoples of Mexico|Caribbean people}}

The indigenous people in North America are [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]]. During European colonization, Europeans arrived in North America. Most Native Americans died due to Spanish diseases and other European diseases such as smallpox during the [[European colonization of the Americas]]. The largest pan-ethnic group in the United States is [[White Americans]]. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans]] ([[Mexican Americans]] in particular) and [[Asian Americans]] have immigrated to the United States recently. In Mexico, most Mexicans are [[mestizo]], a mixture of [[Spaniards|Spanish]] and Native American ancestry. Some Hispanic and Latino Americans living in the United States are not mestizos.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Native_Peoples_of_North_America/|title=Native Peoples of North America}}</ref>

Enslaved Africans were brought to North America from the 16th to 19th centuries during the [[Atlantic slave trade]]. Many of them were sent to the [[Caribbean]]. Ethnic groups that live in the Caribbean are: indigenous peoples, Africans, Indians, White Europeans, Chinese and Portuguese. The first White Europeans to arrive in the [[Dominican Republic]] were the Spanish in 1492. The Caribbean was also colonized and discovered by the Portuguese, English, Dutch and French.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://caricom.org/our-community/who-we-are/our-people/ |title=Our People |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329182551/https://caricom.org/our-community/who-we-are/our-people/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

A sizeable number of people in the United States have mixed-race identities. In 2021, the number of Americans who identified as non-Hispanic and more than one race was 13.5 million. The number of Hispanic Americans who identified as multiracial was 20.3 million.<ref name="ny">{{Cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/13/us/census-multiracial-identity.html|title = Behind the Surprising Jump in Multiracial Americans, Several Theories|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 13 August 2021|last1 = Tavernise|first1 = Sabrina|access-date = 26 March 2022|archive-date = 26 March 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220326091316/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/13/us/census-multiracial-identity.html|url-status = live}}</ref> Over the course of the 2010s decade, there was a 127% increase in non-Hispanic Americans who identified as multiracial.<ref name="ny"/>

The largest ethnic groups in the United States are [[Germans]], African Americans, [[Mexicans]], [[Irish Americans|Irish]], [[English Americans|English]],
[[American ancestry|Americans]], [[Italians]], [[Polish people|Poles]], [[French people|French]], [[Scottish people|Scottish]], Native Americans, [[Puerto Ricans]], [[Norwegians]], [[Dutch people]], [[Swedish people]], [[Chinese people]], [[West Indies|West Indians]], [[Russians]] and [[Filipinos]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldatlas.com:443/articles/largest-ethnic-groups-and-nationalities-in-the-united-states.html |title=Largest Ethnic Groups And Nationalities In The United States |date=18 July 2019 |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509184258/https://www.worldatlas.com/amp/articles/largest-ethnic-groups-and-nationalities-in-the-united-states.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

In Canada, [[European Canadians]] are the largest ethnic group. In Canada, the [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|indigenous]] population is growing faster than the non-indigenous population. Most immigrants in Canada come from Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.4368970 |title=21.9% of Canadians are immigrants, the highest share in 85 years: StatsCan |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530002145/https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.4368970 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== South America ===
{{Main|Ethnic groups in South America}}

[[File:A Fundação da Pátria Brasileira (Eduardo Sá, 1899).jpg|thumb|''The Founding of the Brazilian Fatherland'', an 1899 allegorical painting depicting Brazilian statesman [[José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva]], one of the founding fathers of the country, with the [[Flag of Brazil#Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)|flag of the Empire of Brazil]] and the three major ethnic groups in Brazil]]
In South America, although highly varying between regions, people are commonly mixed-race, indigenous, European, black African, and to a lesser extent also Asian.

===Oceania===
{{Main|Indigenous peoples of Oceania|Europeans in Oceania}}
Nearly all states in Oceania have majority indigenous populations, with notable exceptions being Australia, New Zealand and [[Norfolk Island]], who have majority European populations.<ref name="francepacific">{{cite book |last1=Aldrich |first1=Robert |title=France and the South Pacific Since 1940 |date=1993 |publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]] |page=347 |isbn=978-0824815585 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLTDYaHhrZgC&dq=%22with+the+ending+of+the+trust+territory%22&pg=PA347 |access-date=18 February 2022 |quote=Britain's high commissioner in New Zealand continues to administer Pitcairn, and the other former British colonies remain members of the Commonwealth of Nations, recognizing the British Queen as their titular head of state and vesting certain residual powers in the British government or the Queen's representative in the islands. Australia did not cede control of the Torres Strait Islands, inhabited by a Melanesian population, or Lord Howe and Norfolk Island, whose residents are of European ancestry. New Zealand retains indirect rule over Niue and Tokelau and has kept close relations with another former possession, the Cook Islands, through a compact of free association. Chile rules Easter Island (Rapa Nui) and Ecuador rules the Galapagos Islands. The Aboriginals of Australia, the Maoris of New Zealand and the native Polynesians of Hawaii, despite movements demanding more cultural recognition, greater economic and political considerations or even outright sovereignty, have remained minorities in countries where massive waves of migration have completely changed society. In short, Oceania has remained one of the least completely decolonized regions on the globe. |archive-date=30 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064637/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/France_and_the_South_Pacific_since_1940/tLTDYaHhrZgC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22with+the+ending+of+the+trust+territory%22&pg=PA347&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live}}</ref> States with smaller European populations include [[Guam]], [[Hawaii]] and [[New Caledonia]] (whose Europeans are known as [[Caldoche]]).<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://www.isee.nc/tec/popsociete/telechargements/4-population.pdf |title=ISEE – Salaires |website=Isee.nc |access-date=20 August 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225164238/http://www.isee.nc/tec/popsociete/telechargements/4-population.pdf%20 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://starbulletin.com/2007/08/09/news/story06.html Census shows Hawaii is becoming Whiter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829214703/http://starbulletin.com/2007/08/09/news/story06.html |date=29 August 2008 }}, starbulletin.com</ref> [[Indigenous peoples of Oceania]] are [[Aboriginal Australians|Australian Aboriginals]], [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesians]] and [[Indigenous people of New Guinea|Papuans]], and they originated from Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Aboriginal |title=Australian Aboriginal peoples &#124; History, Facts, & Culture &#124; Britannica |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326035744/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Australian-Aboriginal |url-status=live}}</ref> The Austronesians of Oceania are further broken up into three distinct groups; [[Melanesians]], [[Micronesians]] and [[Polynesians]].

[[Island#Oceanic islands|Oceanic]] South Pacific islands nearing [[Latin America]] were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans in the 16th century, with nothing to indicate prehistoric human activity by Indigenous peoples of the Americas or Oceania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Terrell |first1=John E. |title=Prehistory in the Pacific Islands |date=1988 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=91 |isbn=978-0521369565 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4SM5rK0hM4C&dq=%22eastern+pacific%22+%22uninhabited&pg=PA91 |access-date=5 March 2022 |archive-date=30 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730072313/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Prehistory_in_the_Pacific_Islands/Y4SM5rK0hM4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22eastern+pacific%22+%22uninhabited&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="asianpacific">{{Cite book |last=Crocombe |first=R. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDg9oAkwsXAC&dq=%22included+in+cultural+definitions+of+oceania%22&pg=PR13 |title=Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West |date=2007 |publisher=University of the South Pacific. Institute of Pacific Studies |isbn=978-9820203884 |page=13 |access-date=24 January 2022 |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209001401/https://books.google.com/books?id=iDg9oAkwsXAC&dq=%22included+in+cultural+definitions+of+oceania%22&pg=PR13 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="press">{{Cite book |last1=Flett |first1=Iona |title=Islands of Inquiry |last2=Haberle |first2=Simon |date=2008 |publisher=ANU Press |isbn=978-1921313899 |editor-last=Clark |editor-first=Geoffrey |pages=281–300 |chapter=East of Easter: Traces of human impact in the far-eastern Pacific |citeseerx=10.1.1.593.8988 |hdl=1885/38139 |jstor=j.ctt24h8gp.20 |editor-last2=Leach |editor-first2=Foss |editor-last3=O'Connor |editor-first3=Sue |chapter-url=http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p26551/pdf/ch181.pdf |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=31 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231001343/http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p26551/pdf/ch181.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Contemporary residents are mainly mestizos and Europeans from the Latin American countries whom administer them,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Frontiers &#124; The Genetic Population Structure of Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile &#124; Genetics |year=2020 |publisher=Frontiersin.org |doi=10.3389/fgene.2020.00669 |pmid=32676101 |doi-access=free |last1=Mountford |first1=H. S. |last2=Villanueva |first2=P. |last3=Fernández |first3=M. A. |last4=Jara |first4=L. |last5=De Barbieri |first5=Z. |last6=Carvajal-Carmona |first6=L. G. |last7=Cazier |first7=J. B. |last8=Newbury |first8=D. F. |journal=[[Frontiers in Genetics]] |volume=11 |page=669 |pmc=7333314}}</ref> although none of these islands have extensive populations.<ref name="ling">{{cite book |last1=Sebeok |first1=Thomas Albert |title=Current Trends in Linguistics: Linguistics in Oceania |date=1971 |publisher=the University of Michigan |page=950 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYouAAAAMAAJ&q=%22multitude%22+oceania+%22linguistics%22 |access-date=2 February 2022 |quote=Most of this account of the influence of the Hispanic languages in Oceania has dealt with the Western Pacific, but the Eastern Pacific has not been without some share of the presence of the Portuguese and Spanish. The Eastern Pacific does not have the multitude of islands so characteristic of the Western regions of this great ocean, but there are some: Easter Island, 2000 miles off the Chilean coast, where a Polynesian tongue, Rapanui, is still spoken; the Juan Fernandez group, 400 miles west of Valparaiso; the Galapagos archipelago, 650 miles west of Ecuador; Malpelo and Cocos, 300 miles off the Colombian and Costa Rican coasts respectively; and others. Not many of these islands have extensive populations{{snd}}some have been used effectively as prisons{{snd}}but the official language on each is Spanish. |archive-date=30 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730065403/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Current_Trends_in_Linguistics_Linguistic/lYouAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22multitude%22+oceania+%22linguistics%22&dq=%22multitude%22+oceania+%22linguistics%22&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Easter Island]] are the only oceanic island politically associated with Latin America to have an indigenous population, the Polynesian [[Rapa Nui people]].<ref name="realm"/> Their current inhabitants include indigenous Polynesians and mestizo settlers from political administrators [[Chile]], in addition to mixed-race individuals with Polynesian and mestizo/European ancestry.<ref name="realm"/> The British overseas territory of [[Pitcairn Islands]], to the west of Easter Island, have a population of approximately 50 people. They are mixed-race [[Euronesian]]s who descended from an initial group of British and [[Tahitians|Tahitian]] settlers in the 18th century. The islands were previously inhabited by Polynesians; they had long abandoned Pitcairn by the time the settlers had arrived.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.immigration.gov.pn/history/index.html |title=History of Pitcairn Island &#124; Pitcairn Island Immigration |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422004641/http://www.immigration.gov.pn/history/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Norfolk Island, now an [[States and territories of Australia|external territory]] of Australia, is also believed to have been inhabited by Polynesians prior to its initial European discovery in the 18th century. Some of their residents are descended from mixed-race Pitcairn Islanders that were relocated onto Norfolk due to overpopulation in 1856.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Norfolk-Island |title=Norfolk Island &#124; History, Population, Map, & Facts &#124; Britannica |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=17 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117020248/https://www.britannica.com/place/Norfolk-Island |url-status=live}}</ref>

The once uninhabited [[Bonin Islands]], later politically integrated into [[Japan]], have a small population consisting of Japanese mainlanders and descendants of early European settlers.<ref name="realm">{{cite book |last1=Todd |first1=Ian |title=Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama |date=1974 |publisher=Angus & Robertson |page=190 |isbn=978-0207127618 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gcEJAQAAIAAJ&q=%22French+language+cultures%22+1974+pacific |access-date=2 February 2022 |quote=[we] can further define the word ''culture'' to mean ''language''. Thus we have the French language part of Oceania, the Spanish part and the Japanese part. The Japanese culture groups of Oceania are the Bonin Islands, the Marcus Islands and the Volcano Islands. These three clusters, lying south and south-east of Japan, are inhabited either by Japanese or by people who have now completely fused with the Japanese race. Therefore they will not be taken into account in the proposed comparison of the policies of non-Oceanic cultures towards Oceanic peoples. On the eastern side of the Pacific are a number of Spanish language culture groups of islands. Two of them, the Galapagos and Easter Island, have been dealt with as separate chapters in this volume. Only one of the dozen or so Spanish culture island groups of Oceania has an Oceanic population{{snd}}the Polynesians of Easter Island. The rest are either uninhabited or have a Spanish – Latin – American population consisting of people who migrated from the mainland. Therefore, the comparisons which follow refer almost exclusively to the English and French language cultures. |archive-date=18 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618161036/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Island_Realm/gcEJAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22French+language+cultures%22+1974+pacific&dq=%22French+language+cultures%22+1974+pacific&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live}}</ref> Archeological findings from the 1990s suggested there was possible prehistoric human activity by Micronesians prior to European discovery in the 16th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwojima.jp/ogasa2.html |script-title=ja:小笠原諸島の歴史 |title= |trans-title= |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=9 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909214123/http://www.iwojima.jp/ogasa2.html |url-status=live |language=ja}}</ref>

Several political entities associated with Oceania are still uninhabited, including [[Baker Island]], [[Clipperton Island]], [[Howland Island]] and [[Jarvis Island]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/education/region-jarvis/ |title=Education Resources: Regional Information, Jarvis Island &#124; PacIOOS |website=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510100232/https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/education/region-jarvis/ |url-status=live}}</ref> There were brief attempts to settle Clipperton with [[Mexicans]] and Jarvis with [[Native Hawaiians]] in the early 20th century. The Jarvis settlers were relocated from the island due to Japanese advancements during [[World War II]], while most of the settlers on Clipperton ended up dying from starvation and murdering one and other.<ref name="oceanex">{{Cite web |url=https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex1705/background/jarvis/welcome.html |title=Discovering the Deep: Exploring Remote Pacific MPAs: Background: The Hui Panalāʻau Story of the Equatorial Pacific Islands of Howland, Baker, and Jarvis: 1935–1942: NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research |first=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |last=US Department of Commerce |website=oceanexplorer.noaa.gov |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601150253/https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex1705/background/jarvis/welcome.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Australia====
{{Main|Indigenous Australians|Native White Australians}}

The first evident ethnic group to live in Australia were the Australian Aboriginals, a group considered related to the Melanesian Torres Strait Islander people. Europeans, primarily from England, arrived first in 1770.

The 2016 Census shows England and New Zealand are the next most common countries of birth after Australia. The proportion of people born in China and India has increased since 2011 (from 6.0 per cent to 8.3 per cent, and 5.6 per cent to 7.4 per cent, respectively).

The proportion of people identifying as being of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin increased from 2.5 per cent of the Australian population in 2011 to 2.8 per cent in 2016.