Editing Estonian language (section)

===Orthography===
Although the Estonian [[orthography]] is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each [[grapheme]] corresponding to one [[phoneme]], there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in [[declension]] of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced)<!--examples needed: kärbes-kärbse, etc --> and in the use of 'i' and 'j'<!-- eg maja-majja-->.{{Clarify|date=September 2012}} Where it is very impractical or impossible to type ''š'' and ''ž'', they are replaced by ''sh'' and ''zh'' in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the ''h'' in ''sh'' represents a [[voiceless glottal fricative]], as in ''Pasha'' (''pas-ha''); this also applies to some foreign names.

Modern Estonian orthography is based on the "Newer orthography" created by [[Eduard Ahrens]] in the second half of the 19th{{nbsp}}century based on Finnish orthography. The "Older orthography" it replaced was created in the 17th{{nbsp}}century by [[Bengt Gottfried Forselius]] and [[Johann Hornung]] based on [[German language|standard German]] orthography. Earlier writing in Estonian had, by and large, used an ''ad hoc'' orthography based on [[Latin]] and [[Middle Low German]] orthography. Some influences of the standard German orthography – for example, writing 'W'/'w' instead of 'V'/'v' – persisted well into the 1930s.

<!-- Not exactly the subject of this article, but please note that: Estonian words and names quoted in international publications from Soviet sources are often back-transliterations from the Russian transliteration. Examples are the use of "ya" for "ä" (e.g. Pyarnu instead of Pärnu), "y" instead of "õ" (e.g., Pylva instead of Põlva) and "yu" instead of "ü" (e.g., Pyussi instead of Püssi). Even in the Encyclopædia Britannica one can find "ostrov Khiuma", where "ostrov" means "island" in Russian and "Khiuma" is back-transliteration from Russian instead of "Hiiumaa" (''Hiiumaa'' > Хийума(а) > ''Khiuma'').-->