Editing Eric Dolphy (section)

===As a leader===
Dolphy's recording career as a leader began with [[Prestige Records|Prestige]]. His association with the label spanned 13 albums recorded from April 1960 to September 1961, though he was not the leader for all of the sessions. [[Fantasy Records|Fantasy]] released a 9-CD box set in 1995 containing all of Dolphy's recorded output for Prestige.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-complete-prestige-recordings-mw0000178319 |title=Eric Dolphy: The Complete Prestige Recordings |website=AllMusic.com |access-date=June 23, 2020 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101115442/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-complete-prestige-recordings-mw0000178319 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dolphy's first two albums as leader were ''[[Outward Bound (Eric Dolphy album)|Outward Bound]]'' and ''[[Out There (Eric Dolphy album)|Out There]]''; both featured cover artwork by [[Richard Slater Jennings|Richard "Prophet" Jennings]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://flophousemagazine.com/tag/richard-prophet-jennings |title=Richard "Prophet" Jennings |last=van de Linde |first=François |website=FlopHouseMagazine.com |date=April 21, 2016 |access-date=June 23, 2020 |archive-date=August 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814001513/http://flophousemagazine.com/tag/richard-prophet-jennings/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="baker" /> The first, sounding closer to hard bop than some later releases,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/outward-bound-mw0000649482 |title=Eric Dolphy Quintet / Eric Dolphy: Outward Bound |last=Rovi Staff |website=AllMusic.com |access-date=June 26, 2020 |archive-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030055422/https://www.allmusic.com/album/outward-bound-mw0000649482 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/outward-bound-eric-dolphy-prestige-records-review-by-j-hunter.php |title=Eric Dolphy Quintet: Outward Bound |last=Hunter |first=J |date=November 14, 2006 |website=AllAboutJazz.com |access-date=June 26, 2020 |archive-date=June 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628132207/https://www.allaboutjazz.com/outward-bound-eric-dolphy-prestige-records-review-by-j-hunter.php |url-status=live }}</ref> was recorded at [[Rudy Van Gelder]]'s studio in New Jersey with trumpeter [[Freddie Hubbard]], who shared rooms with Dolphy for a time when the two men first arrived in New York.<ref>{{cite book | last = Yanow | first = Scott | author-link = Scott Yanow | title = The Trumpet Kings: The Players who Shaped the Sound of Jazz Trumpet | publisher = Backbeat Books | year = 2001 | pages=195 }}</ref> The album features three Dolphy compositions: "G.W.", dedicated to [[Gerald Wilson]], and the blues "Les" and "245". ''Out There'' is closer to [[third stream]] music,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/hdp2 |title=Eric Dolphy Out There Review |last=Marsh |first=Peter |date=2002 |website=BBC.co.uk |access-date=June 26, 2020 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108034931/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/hdp2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which would also form part of Dolphy's work, and features [[Ron Carter]] on cello. [[Charles Mingus]]'s "Eclipse" from this album is one of the rare instances where Dolphy solos on [[soprano clarinet]] (others being "Warm Canto" from [[Mal Waldron]]'s ''[[The Quest (Mal Waldron album)|The Quest]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-quest-mw0000078389 |title=Eric Dolphy / Booker Ervin / Mal Waldron: The Quest |last=Yanow |first=Scott |website=AllMusic.com |access-date=June 26, 2020 |archive-date=June 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629023404/https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-quest-mw0000078389 |url-status=live }}</ref> "Densities" from the compilation ''[[Vintage Dolphy]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/vintage-dolphy-mw0000193773 |title=Eric Dolphy / Vintage Dolphy |last=Yanow |first=Scott |website=AllMusic.com |access-date=June 26, 2020}}</ref> and "Song For The Ram's Horn" from an unreleased recording from a 1962 Town Hall concert).

Dolphy occasionally recorded unaccompanied saxophone solos;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jazztimes.com/archives/solo-saxophone-flights |title=Solo Saxophone Flights |last=Shoemaker |first=Bill |date=April 25, 2019 |website=JazzTimes.com |access-date=June 26, 2020 |archive-date=June 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630035149/https://jazztimes.com/archives/solo-saxophone-flights/ |url-status=live }}</ref> his only predecessors were the tenor players [[Coleman Hawkins]] ("Picasso", 1948)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/coleman-hawkins-mn0000776363/biography |title=Coleman Hawkins |last=Yannow |first=Scott |website=AllMusic.com |access-date=June 26, 2020 |archive-date=April 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429082159/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/coleman-hawkins-mn0000776363/biography |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Sonny Rollins]] (for example, "Body and Soul", 1958),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/sonny-rollins-and-the-big-brass-mw0000047321 |title=Sonny Rollins and the Big Brass |last=Dryden |first=Ken |website=AllMusic.com |access-date=June 26, 2020 |archive-date=April 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423015200/https://www.allmusic.com/album/sonny-rollins-and-the-big-brass-mw0000047321 |url-status=live }}</ref> making Dolphy the first to do so on alto. The album ''Far Cry'' contains his performance of the [[Walter Gross (musician)|Gross]]-[[Jack Lawrence (songwriter)|Lawrence]] standard "[[Tenderly]]" on alto saxophone,<ref>{{cite thesis |type=DMus |last=Branter |first=David |date=2008 |title=Melody Retained and Sound Explored: Elements of Structure and Expression in the Unaccompanied Alto Saxophone Performances of Eric Dolphy |publisher=Indiana University}}</ref> and, on his subsequent tour of Europe, [[Billie Holiday]]'s "[[God Bless the Child (Billie Holiday song)|God Bless the Child]]" was featured in his sets.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Jannotta |first=Roger |date=1977 |title='God Bless the Child:' An Analysis of an Unaccompanied Bass Clarinet Solo by Eric Dolphy |journal=Jazzforschung/Jazz Research |issue=9 |pages=37–48 }}</ref> (The earliest known version was recorded at the Five Spot during his residency with [[Booker Little]].) He also recorded two takes of a short solo rendition of "Love Me" in 1963, released on ''Conversations'' and ''Muses''.

[[Twentieth century classical music|Twentieth-century classical music]] was also part of Dolphy's musical career. He was very familiar with the music of composers such as [[Anton Webern]] and [[Alban Berg]],<ref name="thomas_80" /> had a large record collection that included music by these composers, as well as by [[Claude Debussy|Debussy]], [[Maurice Ravel|Ravel]], [[Igor Stravinsky|Stravinsky]], and [[Béla Bartók|Bartók]],<ref>{{cite book | last1=Thomas|first1=Lorenzo| last2=Nielsen|first2=Aldon|title=Don't Deny My Name: Words and Music and the Black Intellectual Tradition | publisher=University of Michigan Press | location=Ann Arbor |year=2008 | pages=77 }}</ref> and owned scores by composers such as [[Milton Babbitt]], [[Donald Erb]], [[Charles Ives]], and [[Olivier Messiaen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMferDsc04.xq?_id=loc.music.eadmus.mu014006&_start=1&_jump=ed01 |title=Eric Dolphy collection, 1939–1964 |website=loc.gov |access-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624212332/https://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMferDsc04.xq?_id=loc.music.eadmus.mu014006&_start=1&_jump=ed01 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMferDsc04.xq?_id=loc.music.eadmus.mu014006&_start=126&_lines=125 |title=Eric Dolphy collection, 1939–1964 |website=loc.gov |access-date=June 18, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205557/https://findingaids.loc.gov/db/search/xq/searchMferDsc04.xq?_id=loc.music.eadmus.mu014006&_start=126&_lines=125 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ethaniverson.com/interview-with-james-newton |title=Interview with James Newton |last=Iverson |first=Ethan |website=EthanIverson.com |date=6 June 2017 |access-date=July 6, 2021 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711184800/https://ethaniverson.com/interview-with-james-newton/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He visited [[Edgard Varèse]] at his home,<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Musical Prophet: The Expanded 1963 New York Studio Sessions |others=Eric Dolphy |type=liner notes |last=Davis |first=Richard |year=2019 |publisher=Resonance Records |pages=46 |id=HCD-2035}}</ref> and performed the composer's ''[[Density 21.5]]'' for solo flute at the [[Ojai Music Festival]] in 1962.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| first= Barry Dean| last= Kernfeld| title= New Grove Dictionary of Jazz| page= 632| year= 2002| publisher= Macmillan |isbn= 0-333-69189-X}}</ref> Dolphy also participated in [[Gunther Schuller]]'s and [[John Lewis (pianist)|John Lewis]]'s [[Third Stream]] efforts of the 1960s, appearing on the album ''[[Jazz Abstractions]]'', and admired the Italian flute virtuoso [[Severino Gazzelloni]], after whom he named his composition ''Gazzelloni''.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Stephans|first1=Michael| title=Experiencing Jazz: A Listener's Companion | publisher=[[The Scarecrow Press]] | year=2013 | pages=235 }}</ref>

Around 1962–63, one of Dolphy's working bands included the pianist [[Herbie Hancock]], who can be heard on ''[[The Illinois Concert]]'', ''Gaslight 1962'', and the unissued Town Hall concert with poet [[Ree Dragonette]].

In July 1963, producer [[Alan Douglas (record producer)|Alan Douglas]] arranged recording sessions for which Dolphy's sidemen were emerging musicians of the day, and the results produced the albums ''[[Iron Man (Eric Dolphy album)|Iron Man]]'' and ''[[Conversations (Eric Dolphy album)|Conversations]]'', as well as the ''Muses'' album released in Japan in late 2013. These sessions marked the first time Dolphy played with [[Bobby Hutcherson]], whom he knew from Los Angeles, and whose sister he dated at one point.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/17/arts/music/bobby-hutcherson-dies-jazz.html |title=Bobby Hutcherson, Vibraphonist With Coloristic Range of Sound, Dies at 75 |last=Chinen |first=Nate |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 16, 2016 |access-date=May 21, 2020 |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160816072024/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/17/arts/music/bobby-hutcherson-dies-jazz.html?_r=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> The sessions are perhaps best known for the three duets Dolphy performs with bassist [[Richard Davis (double bassist)|Richard Davis]] on "Alone Together", "Ode To Charlie Parker", and "Come Sunday"; the aforementioned release ''Muses'' adds another take of "Alone Together" and an original composition for duet from which the album takes its name.

In 1964, Dolphy signed with [[Blue Note Records]] and recorded ''[[Out to Lunch!]]'' with [[Freddie Hubbard]], [[Bobby Hutcherson]], [[Richard Davis (double bassist)|Richard Davis]] and [[Tony Williams (drummer)|Tony Williams]]. This album features Dolphy's fully developed avant-garde yet structured compositional style rooted in tradition. It is often considered his ''magnum opus''.<ref name="Huey">{{cite web |last1=Huey |first1=Steve |title=Out to Lunch |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/out-to-lunch-mw0000241418 |website=AllMusic |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref>