Editing Environmental law (section)

== Resource sustainability ==

=== Impact assessment ===
{{excerpt|Environmental impact assessment|only=paragraph}}

=== Water resources ===
[[File:Irrigation ditch.JPG|thumb|An irrigation ditch, operated in accordance with [[water law|water resources law]]]]
{{Main|Water law}}
Water resources laws govern the ownership and use of [[water resources]], including [[surface water]] and [[ground water]]. Regulatory areas may include [[water conservation]], use restrictions, and ownership regimes.

Such laws include the right to be provided clean water at the bare minimum, according to the United Nations Committee.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Benöhr |first=I. |date=2023-03-01 |title=The Right to Water and Sustainable Consumption in EU Law |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10603-022-09532-5 |journal=Journal of Consumer Policy |language=en |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=53–77 |doi=10.1007/s10603-022-09532-5 |issn=1573-0700|doi-access=free }}</ref> Water resources should be safe, clean, accessible, and affordable for human concern.<ref name=":5" /> This also means having facilities that operate in combatting water pollution and provide clean sources of water for maintenance.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Wargyawati |first1=N. M. G. |last2=Barba Lata |first2=Iulian |last3=Buizer |first3=Marleen |title=Which knowledge counts? Contested meanings of water quality, responsibility and involvement in river restoration discourse in Indonesia |journal=Journal of Environmental Planning and Management |date=2024-08-23 |volume=67 |issue=10 |pages=2303–2326 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09640568.2023.2185508 |doi=10.1080/09640568.2023.2185508 |bibcode=2024JEPM...67.2303W |issn=0964-0568|doi-access=free }}</ref> Duty dumping may occur if one is not held responsible for fulfilling their obligations in attempt to reduce environmental impact.<ref name=":6" />  Financial obligations are required for reaching quality standards to avoid risk of contamination that would raise public health concerns.<ref name=":5" /> An economic approach is made to provide a budget for having running water regulated normally and varies among countries distribution systems in efforts to reach human standards.<ref name=":5" /> Involvement is crucial for helping with water safety concerns, gaining attention of communities to help support programs established to further regulate water consumption.<ref name=":6" />

=== Mineral resources ===
{{excerpt|Mining law|only=paragraph}}Managing mineral resources can be challenging to maintain as supply chains have lower chances of traceability with importing goods from their designated spots for mining.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Schöneich |first1=Svenja |last2=Saulich |first2=Christina |last3=Müller |first3=Melanie |date=October 2023 |title=Traceability and foreign corporate accountability in mineral supply chains |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rego.12527 |journal=Regulation & Governance |language=en |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=954–969 |doi=10.1111/rego.12527 |issn=1748-5983|hdl=10419/288220 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Sustainability and quality processes can be done through regulatory obligations for ensuring the source of importing goods are taken responsibility.<ref name=":7" /> The risks that may be involved can include unsafe working conditions as mining is labor-intensive and workers' rights since environmental risks are likely to occur when mining, such as water contamination and ingesting minerals when exposed in the air.<ref name=":7" /> Mining conditions can vary by country as some prohibit mining if there are unsafe working conditions while some are likely to be interested as it adheres to investments for mining industries growing in the future.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sands |first=Anna |date=February 2023 |title=Regulatory Chill and Domestic Law: Mining in the Santurbán Páramo |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-trade-review/article/regulatory-chill-and-domestic-law-mining-in-the-santurban-paramo/03413B505AEED90336665FCF1A4E3817 |journal=World Trade Review |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=55–72 |doi=10.1017/S1474745622000386 |issn=1474-7456}}</ref>

=== Forest resources ===
[[File:John Deere 2054 DHSP forestry swing machine, Kaibab National Forest 1.jpg|thumb|alt=A timber operation.|A timber operation, regulated by [[forestry law]]]]
{{Main|Forestry law}}
{{excerpt|Forestry law|only=paragraph|paragraphs=1,2}}

=== Wildlife and plants ===
Wildlife laws govern the potential impact of human activity on wild animals, whether directly on individuals or populations, or indirectly via habitat degradation. Similar laws may operate to protect plant species. Such laws may be enacted entirely to protect [[biodiversity]], or as a means for protecting species deemed important for other reasons. Regulatory efforts may include the creation of special [[conservation status]]es, prohibitions on killing, harming, or disturbing protected species, efforts to induce and support species recovery, establishment of wildlife refuges to support conservation, and prohibitions on trafficking in species or animal parts to combat [[poaching]].

Illegal wildlife trade has become an organized crime, and has led to tracking down poachers through law enforcement and high-level security approaches.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Iordăchescu |first1=George |last2=Lappe-Osthege |first2=Teresa |last3=Dickinson |first3=Hannah |last4=Duffy |first4=Rosaleen |last5=Burns |first5=Charlotte |date=2023-07-29 |title=Political ecologies of green-collar crime: understanding illegal trades in European wildlife |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2022.2156173 |journal=Journal of Environmental Politics |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=923–930 |doi=10.1080/09644016.2022.2156173 |bibcode=2023EnvPo..32..923I |issn=0964-4016}}</ref> Criminal activity involving animals have undergone pressure once regulation standards are established, having activities happen in other places to avoiding law enforcement.<ref name=":8" /> [[Conservationists]] may argue that it is risky that poachers are likely to be armed with weapons when law hunting down animals, leaving no choice but to recruit armed rangers for stopping their crimes.<ref name=":92">{{Cite book |last=Duffy |first=Rosaleen |title=Security and Conservation: The Politics of the Illegal Wildlife Trade |date=2022 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-23018-5 |location=New Haven, CT}}</ref> Tackling illegal wildlife crime would require involvement and support from international policies and law enforcement such as [[Interpol|INTERPOL]] and [[Europol|EUROPOL]].<ref name=":92" /> EUROPOL had to deal with political pressure to combat environmental crime, making it a priority to focus on.<ref name=":92" /> [[Ecological resilience|Ecological changes]] pertaining to human activity caused a decline in wildlife population over time.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |title=Quantitative studies in green and conservation criminology: the measurement of environmental harm and crime |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-84423-2 |editor-last=Lynch |editor-first=Michael J. |series=Green criminology |location=London New York |editor-last2=Pires |editor-first2=Stephen F.}}</ref> Relationships between humans and species result in negative outcomes of economic development and cultural significances.<ref name=":10" />

=== Fish and game ===
{{Main|Game law}}
{{Further|Fisheries law}}

Fish and game laws regulate the right to pursue and take or kill certain kinds of [[fish]] and [[wild animal]] ([[game (food)|game]]). Such laws may restrict the days to harvest fish or game, the number of animals caught per person, the species harvested, or the weapons or fishing gear used. Such laws may seek to balance dueling needs for preservation and harvest and to manage both [[Natural environment|environment]] and [[Population biology|populations]] of fish and game. Game laws can provide a legal structure to collect [[license]] fees and other [[Federal Duck Stamp|money]] which is used to fund [[Wildlife conservation|conservation]] efforts as well as to obtain harvest information used in [[wildlife management]] practice.

[[Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing|Illegal fishing]] often gets unreported with little to no regulation for transporting goods in facilities.<ref name=":102">{{Cite book |title=Quantitative studies in green and conservation criminology: the measurement of environmental harm and crime |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-84423-2 |editor-last=Lynch |editor-first=Michael J. |series=Green criminology |location=London New York |editor-last2=Pires |editor-first2=Stephen F.}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |date=October 2022 |title=President Biden Signs National Security Memorandum on Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing and Associated Labor Abuses |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/president-biden-signs-national-security-memorandum-on-combating-illegal-unreported-and-unregulated-fishing-and-associated-labor-abuses/564527216A0FD150D19B3BB8412F9C70 |journal=American Journal of International Law |language=en |volume=116 |issue=4 |pages=858–863 |doi=10.1017/ajil.2022.65 |issn=0002-9300}}</ref> [[Overfishing]] has impacted fisheries with a decline in economic growth and destruction of ecosystems.<ref name=":11" /> Marine resources would cause pressure among other countries relying on fishing for providing food in communities if illegal fishing isn't managed carefully.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429667688 |title=Law of the Sea in South East Asia: Environmental, Navigational and Security Challenges |date=2019-07-19 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-02105-3 |editor-last=Rothwell |editor-first=Donald R. |edition=1 |location=New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780429021053-5 |editor-last2=Letts |editor-first2=David}}</ref> Another issue is an increase in marine pollution that has a decline of fish population with ocean disposals of toxic waste and lack of oxygen produced, which makes harvesting fish difficult to accomplish.<ref>{{Citation |last=Kanazawa |first=Mark |title=Fisheries |date=2021-03-30 |work=Natural Resources and the Environment |pages=280–297 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780429666155/chapters/10.4324/9780429022654-15 |access-date=2024-12-20 |edition=1 |place=Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780429022654-15 |isbn=978-0-429-02265-4}}</ref>