Editing Emmy Noether (section)

====Graduate students====
[[File:EmmyNoether MFO3096.jpg|thumb|left|Noether c.&nbsp;1930]]
In Göttingen, Noether supervised more than a dozen doctoral students,<ref name="MacTutorStudents"/> though most were together with [[Edmund Landau]] and others as she was not allowed to supervise dissertations on her own.{{sfn|Segal|2003|p=128}}{{sfn|Dick|1981|pp=51–53. See p. 51: "... Grete Hermann who took her examinations in February 1925 with E. Noether and E. Landau; See also pp. 52–53: "In 1929 Werner Weber obtained a doctor's degree ... The reviewers were E. Landau and E. Noether." Also on p. 53: "He was followed two weeks later by Jakob Levitzki ... who also was examined by Noether and Landau}} Her first was [[Grete Hermann]], who defended her dissertation in February&nbsp;1925.{{Sfn|Dick|1981|p=51}} Although she is best remembered for her work on the foundations of [[quantum mechanics]], her dissertation was considered an important contribution to [[ideal theory]].{{sfn|Hermann|1926}}{{sfn|Rowe|2021|p=99}} Hermann later spoke reverently of her "dissertation-mother".{{Sfn|Dick|1981|p=51}}

Around the same time, Heinrich Grell and Rudolf Hölzer wrote their dissertations under Noether, though the latter died of [[tuberculosis]] shortly before his defense.{{Sfn|Dick|1981|p=51}}{{sfn|Grell|1927}}{{sfn|Hölzer|1927}} Grell defended his thesis in 1926 and went on to work at the [[University of Jena]] and the [[University of Halle]], before losing his teaching license in 1935 due to accusations of homosexual acts.<ref name="MacTutorStudents"/> He was later reinstated and became a professor at [[Humboldt University]] in 1948.<ref name="MacTutorStudents"/>{{Sfn|Dick|1981|p=51}}

Noether then supervised [[Werner Weber (mathematician)|Werner Weber]]{{sfn|Weber|1930}} and [[Jakob Levitzki]],{{sfn|Levitzki|1931}} who both defended their theses in 1929.{{sfn|Segal|2003|pp=128–129}}{{sfn|Dick|1981|p=53}} Weber, who was considered only a modest mathematician,{{sfn|Segal|2003|p=128}} would later take part in driving Jewish mathematicians out of Göttingen.{{sfn|Kimberling|1981|p=29}} Levitzki worked first at [[Yale University]] and then at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] in then British-ruled [[Mandatory Palestine]], making significant contributions (in particular [[Levitzky's theorem]] and the [[Hopkins–Levitzki theorem]]) to [[ring theory]].{{sfn|Dick|1981|p=53}}

Other <em>Noether Boys</em> included [[Max Deuring]], [[Hans Fitting]], [[Ernst Witt]], [[Chiungtze C. Tsen]] and [[Otto Schilling]]. Deuring, who had been considered the most promising of Noether's students, was awarded his doctorate in 1930.{{sfn|Deuring|1932}}{{sfn|Kimberling|1981|p=40}} He worked in Hamburg, Marden and Göttingen{{efn|When Noether was forced to leave Germany in 1933, she wished for the university to appoint Deuring as her successor,{{sfn|Dick|1981|p=54}} but he only started teaching there in 1950.{{sfn|Kimberling|1981|p=40}}}} and is known for his contributions to [[arithmetic geometry]].{{sfn|Dick|1981|pp=53–54}} Fitting graduated in 1931 with a thesis on abelian groups{{sfn|Fitting|1933}} and is remembered for his work in [[group theory]], particularly [[Fitting's theorem]] and the [[Fitting lemma]].{{sfn|Kimberling|1981|p=41}} He died at the age of 31 from a bone disease.{{sfn|Dick|1981|p=55}}

Witt was initially supervised by Noether, but her position was revoked in April 1933 and he was assigned to [[Gustav Herglotz]] instead.{{sfn|Dick|1981|p=55}} He received his PhD in July 1933 with a thesis on the [[Riemann-Roch theorem]] and [[zeta-function]]s,{{sfn|Witt|1935}} and went on to make several contributions that [[List of things named after Ernst Witt|now bear his name]].{{sfn|Kimberling|1981|p=41}} Tsen, best remembered for proving [[Tsen's theorem]], received his doctorate in December of the same year.{{sfn|Tsen|1933}} He returned to [[China]] in 1935 and started teaching at [[National Chekiang University]],{{sfn|Kimberling|1981|p=41}} but died only five years later.{{efn|Accounts of Tsen's date of death vary: {{harvtxt|Kimberling|1981|p=41}} states that he died "some time in 1939 or 40" and {{harvtxt|Ding|Kang|Tan|1999}} state that he died in November 1940, but a local newspaper recorded his date of death as 1 October 1940.<ref>{{cite news|title=十月份甯屬要聞|trans-title=Main news of Ningshu in October|newspaper=新寧遠月刊 Xin Ningyuan Yuekang [New Ningyuan Monthly]|volume=1|issue=3|date=25 November 1940|place=[[Xichang]], [[Xikang]]|language=Chinese|page=51|quote=一日 國立西康技藝專科學校教授曾烱之博士在西康衞生院病逝。 [1st: Dr. Chiungtze Tsen, professor at National Xikang Institute of Technology, died from illness in Xikang Health Center.]|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Ningshu_News_October_1940_Zeng_Jiongzhi_died.jpg}}</ref>}} Schilling also began studying under Noether but was forced to find a new advisor due to Noether's emigration. Under [[Helmut Hasse]], he completed his PhD in 1934 at the [[University of Marburg]].{{sfn|Kimberling|1981|p=41}}{{sfn|Schilling|1935}} He later worked as a [[post doc]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], before moving to the United States.<ref name="MacTutorStudents"/>

Noether's other students were Wilhelm Dörnte, who received his doctorate in 1927 with a thesis on groups,{{sfn|Dörnte|1929}} Werner Vorbeck, who did so in 1935 with a thesis on [[splitting field]]s,<ref name="MacTutorStudents"/> and Wolfgang Wichmann, who did so 1936 with a thesis on [[p-adic number|p-adic theory]].{{sfn|Wichmann|1936}} There is no information about the first two, but it is known that Wichmann supported a student initiative that unsuccessfully attempted to revoke Noether's dismissal{{sfn|Rowe|2021|p=200}} and died as a soldier on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] during [[World War II]].<ref name="MacTutorStudents"/>