Editing Emergence (section)

==In technology==
The bulk conductive response of binary (RC) electrical networks with random arrangements, known as the [[Universal dielectric response]] (UDR), can be seen as emergent properties of such physical systems. Such arrangements can be used as simple physical prototypes for deriving mathematical formulae for the emergent responses of complex systems.<ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1016/j.physa.2012.10.035 | volume=392 | issue=4 | title=The origin of power-law emergent scaling in large binary networks | year=2013 | journal=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications | pages=1004–1027 | last1 = Almond | first1 = D.P. | last2 = Budd | first2 = C.J. | last3 = Freitag | first3 = M.A. | last4 = Hunt | first4 = G.W. | last5 = McCullen | first5 = N.J. | last6 = Smith | first6 = N.D.| arxiv=1204.5601 | bibcode=2013PhyA..392.1004A | s2cid=15801210 }}</ref> Internet traffic can also exhibit some seemingly emergent properties. In the congestion control mechanism, [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]] flows can become globally synchronized at bottlenecks, simultaneously increasing and then decreasing throughput in coordination. Congestion, widely regarded as a nuisance, is possibly an emergent property of the spreading of bottlenecks across a network in high traffic flows which can be considered as a [[phase transition]].<ref>See review of related research in {{Harv|Smith|2008|pp=1–31}}</ref> Some artificially intelligent (AI) computer applications simulate emergent behavior.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1098/rstb.2018.0029|title=Social behaviour as an emergent property of embodied curiosity: A robotics perspective|year=2019|last1=Gordon|first1=Goren|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=374|issue=1771|pmid=30853006|pmc=6452242}}</ref> One example is [[Boids]], which mimics the [[swarming behavior]] of birds.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1098/rsta.2016.0351|title=Life as an emergent phenomenon: Studies from a large-scale boid simulation and web data|year=2017|last1=Ikegami|first1=Takashi|last2=Mototake|first2=Yoh-Ichi|last3=Kobori|first3=Shintaro|last4=Oka|first4=Mizuki|last5=Hashimoto|first5=Yasuhiro|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences|volume=375|issue=2109|pmid=29133449|pmc=5686407|bibcode=2017RSPTA.37560351I}}</ref>