Editing Elmo Zumwalt (section)

==List of Z-grams==
"Z-gram" was the semi-official title for policy directives issued by Elmo Zumwalt as Chief of Naval Operations (CNO).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/z/z-grams-list-policy-directives-issued-admiral-zumwalt.html |title=Z-grams: A List of Policy Directives Issued by Admiral Zumwalt |access-date=2016-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123152534/http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/z/z-grams-list-policy-directives-issued-admiral-zumwalt.html |archive-date=2016-01-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of these directives were efforts to reform outdated policies potentially contributing to difficulties recruiting and retaining qualified naval personnel during the period of United States withdrawal from the [[Vietnam War]].

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*Z-gram 1 (1 July 1970): Zumwalt's remarks upon taking office as CNO.
*Z-gram 2 (14 July 1970): convened a junior officer retention study group.
*Z-gram 3 (22 July 1970): Cryptographic procedures and Policy.
*Z-gram 4 (30 July 1970): authorized 30 days leave for officers with orders for a permanent change of station (PCS).
*Z-gram 5 (30 July 1970): instituted a test program aboard six ships to extend to [[Petty officer, first class|1st class petty officers]] the privilege of officers and [[Chief Petty Officer (United States)|chief petty officers (CPOs)]] to keep civilian clothing aboard ship for wearing on [[Shore leave|liberty]].
*Z-gram 6 (11 August 1970): instituted a test program, funded entirely by deployed personnel to assist their families obtaining transportation and lodging to visit them in an overseas liberty port during holiday periods.
*Z-gram 7 (11 August 1970): directed commanding officers to assign sponsors for newly arriving personnel. The sponsors were normally of the same rank or rate and with similar marital and family status to assist the arriving family establishing themselves in the new location.
*Z-gram 8 (11 August 1970): extended the working hours of personnel writing officers' orders from 16:30 to 21:00 so those personnel would be available to answer telephone questions after duty hours of officers expecting orders.
*Z-gram 9 (14 August 1970): provided an alternative means of promotion to 1st class and CPO for highly motivated individuals who had five times failed the normal promotion examinations.
*Z-gram 10 (20 August 1970): required [[naval air station]]s to have an officer or CPO meet each arriving transient aircraft to coordinate aircraft servicing and assist flight crew with dining and temporary lodging.
*Z-gram 11 (24 August 1970): authorized continuing sea duty for enlisted men requesting it.
*Z-gram 12 (24 August 1970): authorized wearing of civilian clothes on shore bases during and after the evening meal by all enlisted personnel except recruits in basic training.
*Z-gram 13 (26 August 1970): directed commanding officers to grant 30 days of leave to at least half of their crew during the first 30 days following return from overseas deployment.
*Z-gram 14 (27 August 1970): abolished 18 collateral duties traditionally assigned to junior officers (including cigarette fund officer and cold weather officer) and encouraged assignment of another 18 collateral duties (including movie officer and athletics officer) to qualified senior petty officers.
*Z-gram 15 (28 August 1970): ordered all disbursing officers to provide all personnel with a statement of earnings prior to 30 October 1970 itemizing basic pay and allowances for clothing, quarters, sea duty, and hostile fire with taxes, deductions and allotments.
*Z-gram 16 (2 September 1970): established a computer database to assist enlisted personnel desiring a duty swap with a similarly qualified sailor on another ship or home port.
*Z-gram 17 (2 September 1970): raised the check-cashing limit at naval bases from $25 to $50.
*Z-gram 18 (4 September 1970): opened the Navy Finance Center around the clock to all disbursing officers processing urgent inquiries about pay and benefits.
*Z-gram 19 (4 September 1970): implemented an [[executive order]] from President Nixon to authorize an increased percentage of early promotions for officers.
*Z-gram 20 (8 September 1970): required all shore bases to provide washing facilities and lockers for enlisted personnel assigned dirty work in dungarees.
*Z-gram 21 (9 September 1970): encouraged commanding officers to provide compensatory time off for personnel standing watch on holidays.
*Z-gram 22 (9 September 1970): authorized shore bases to organize facility improvement teams for welfare, living and parking facilities.
*Z-gram 23 (12 September 1970): established the CPO advisory board to the CNO.
*Z-gram 24 (14 September 1970): established procedures for Navy wives to present complaints, viewpoints and suggestions to commanding officers of shore bases.
*Z-gram 25 (16 September 1970): authorized ships in port to reduce watch standing rotation from one day in four to one day in six.
*Z-gram 26 (21 September 1970): shifted responsibility for shore patrol staffing from shipboard to shore-based personnel at major naval bases.
*Z-gram 27 (21 September 1970): eliminated routine local operations over a weekend by ships sailing from their home port.
*Z-gram 28 (21 September 1970): was a status report on implementation of recommendations by retention study groups.
*Z-gram 29 (22 September 1970): encouraged commanding officers to allow leave for 5% of their crew during overseas deployments.
*Z-gram 30 (23 September 1970): established "hard-rock" officers' clubs for junior officers at five naval bases and encouraged other naval base officers' clubs to allow at least one room for casual dress, encourage unescorted young ladies to visit the clubs, and appoint younger officers to advise club managers about other measures to improve morale of junior officers.
*Z-gram 31 (23 September 1970): established a junior officer ship-handling competition whose winners would be able to pick their next duty assignment.
*Z-gram 32 (23 September 1970): allowed sailors to arrange their own re-enlistment ceremonies with assistance from their command.
*Z-gram 33 (25 September 1970): established a procedure to improve customer relations at naval [[Base Exchange]]s.
*Z-gram 34 (25 September 1970): eliminated the requirement for junior officers to own formal dinner dress uniforms.
*Z-gram 35 (25 September 1970): authorized alcoholic beverages in barracks and beer vending machines in senior enlisted barracks.
*Z-gram 36 (26 September 1970): encouraged commanding officers to improve the customer service ethic at base [[Dispensary|dispensaries]] and disbursing facilities.
*Z-gram 37 (26 September 1970): reduced the rank required for command of aviation squadrons from [[Commander (United States)|commander]] to [[Lieutenant commander (United States)|lieutenant commander]].
*Z-gram 38 (28 September 1970): instructed commanding officers to eliminate scheduling of work routine on Sundays and holidays unless ship is deployed overseas.
*Z-gram 39 (5 October 1970): extended the operating hours of 25 large base commissaries to reduce crowds on Saturday mornings and paydays.
*Z-gram 40 (7 October 1970): gave sailors the option of being paid either in cash or by check.
*Z-gram 41 (21 October 1970): established a Command Excellence chair at the [[Naval War College]] to be filled by a commander or captain with a record of outstanding performance in command.
*Z-gram 42 (13 October 1970): allowed junior officers to request sea duty as their first choice for initial duty assignment.
*Z-gram 43 (13 October 1970): encouraged commanding officers to help disbursing officers speedily process large travel reimbursement claims.
*Z-gram 44 (13 October 1970): encouraged assignment of senior petty officers to stand in-port [[officer of the deck]] watches to reduce junior officer workload.
*Z-gram 45 (15 October 1970): encouraged commanding officers to increase support services to families of [[prisoners of war]].
*Z-gram 46 (15 October 1970): reduced routine paperwork required for the 3M planned maintenance system inspections and documentation.
*Z-gram 47 (20 October 1970): increased responsibilities of department heads and executive officers of ships being deactivated.
*Z-gram 48 (23 October 1970): established a new [[Bureau of Naval Personnel]] office focused on providing information to dependent families of active duty personnel.
*Z-gram 49 (23 October 1970): required half of personnel on awards boards to be below the rank of commander.
*Z-gram 50 (23 October 1970): encouraged ships returning from overseas deployments to use shore based utilities to allow leave for increased numbers of engineering personnel.
*Z-gram 51 (23 October 1970): established a uniform breast insignia for officers in charge of [[brown-water navy]] boats.
*Z-gram 52 (23 October 1970): Dissemination of CNO policy.
*Z-gram 53 (2 November 1970): authorized annual publication of a list of job assignments available to junior officers, emphasizing geographical locations and required qualifications for career planning.
*Z-gram 54 (2 November 1970): outlined procedures for junior personnel to make suggestions to CNO.
*Z-gram 55 (4 November 1970): established pilot program for improving Navy human resources management.
*Z-gram 56 (9 November 1970): established a program similar to Z-16 for officers desiring a duty swap with a similarly qualified officer on another ship or home port.
*Z-gram 57 (10 November 1970): eliminated a broad spectrum of selectively enforced regulations and specified relaxed interpretations of others related to grooming standards and wearing of uniforms, so the vast majority of sailors would not be penalized by policies designed to constrain a few abusing the trust and confidence of less stringent rules.
*Z-gram 58 (14 November 1970): required ships' stores afloat to accept checks in payment for purchases.
*Z-gram 59 (14 November 1970): established a program for officers to spend a year of independent research and study for professional development in areas mutually beneficial to the officer and the Navy.
*Z-gram 60 (18 November 1970): encouraged all major naval installations to install a recording answering device on one telephone to receive suggestions.
*Z-gram 61 (19 November 1970): Authorized warrant officers and senior petty officers afloat to serve as communications watch officers and registered publications custodians.
*Z-gram 62 (27 November 1970): established a Naval War College forum to discuss improved naval personnel policies and present their views to CNO and [[Secretary of the Navy]].
*Z-gram 63 (30 November 1970): reduced by 25% the number of publications to be maintained by ships.
*Z-gram 64 (3 December 1970): encouraged commanding officers to increase the opportunities for junior officers to practice ship handling.
*Z-gram 65 (5 December 1970): listed incentives for officers to volunteer for duty in Vietnam.
*Z-gram 66 (17 December 1970): directed every navy facility to appoint a minority group officer or senior petty officer as a minority affairs assistant to the commanding officer.
*Z-gram 67 (22 December 1970): streamlined required inspection procedures to reduce the amount of time required for preparation and execution.
*Z-gram 68 (23 December 1970): expanded the civilian clothing privilege explored in Z-gram 5 to all petty officers on all ships.
*Z-gram 69 (28 December 1970): eliminated command of a deep draft ship from the requirements for promotion to admiral.
*Z-gram 70 (21 January 1971): clarified grooming standards and working uniform regulations addressed by Z-gram 57 to reflect contemporary hair styles and allow wearing working uniforms while commuting between the base and off-base housing.<ref name=nra>{{cite journal |last=Zumwalt |first=Elmo |year=1971 |title=Z-grams |journal=Proceedings |volume=97 |issue=819 |pages=293–298 |publisher=United States Naval Institute }}</ref>
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