Editing Elba (section)

===Late modern and contemporary===
The [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] landed on the island of Elba in 1796, after the occupation of [[Livorno]] by the [[First French Republic|French Republican]] troops, to protect the 4,000 French royalists who had found asylum in Portoferraio two years earlier. In 1801, the [[Peace of Luneville]] gave Elba to the [[Kingdom of Etruria]], and it was transferred to France in 1802 by the [[Peace of Amiens]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05371c.htm |website=Catholic Encyclopedia |title=Elba}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elbaworld.com/en/elba-island/p-332-elba-history.html |title=History of Elba Island |website=Elbaworld.com}}</ref>

The French Emperor [[Napoleon]] was [[Principality of Elba|exiled to Elba]], after his forced abdication following the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]], and conveyed to the island on [[HMS Undaunted (1807)|HMS ''Undaunted'']] by Captain [[Thomas Ussher]]; he arrived at Portoferraio on 4 May 1814.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Thompson |first=J.&nbsp;M. |date=January 1950 |title=Napoleon's Journey to Elba in 1814 Part II. By Sea |journal=American Historical Review |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=301–320 |doi=10.2307/1843729 |jstor=1843729}}</ref> He was allowed to keep a personal guard of 400 men<ref>Alphonse de Lamartine, p. 206. ([[s:Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)#ART.XVII|Article XVII]]) ''His Majesty the Emperor Napoleon can take with him, and keep for his guard, 400 men, volunteers, officers, subofficers, and soldiers.''</ref> and was nominally [[Principality of Elba|sovereign of Elba]], a step down from Emperor of the French. However, the nearby sea was patrolled by the [[French Navy|French]] and [[Royal Navy|British navies]] to ensure he could not escape. During the months that he stayed on the island, Napoleon carried out a series of economic and social reforms to improve the quality of life. After staying for almost ten months, he managed to escape back to France on 26 February 1815 with about 1,000 men.

At the [[Congress of Vienna]], Elba was given to the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. In 1860, it became part of the new unified [[unification of Italy|Kingdom of Italy]].

During the [[Second World War]], the island was liberated from German occupation by the French ''[[I Corps (France)#Elba 1944|1<sup>er</sup> Corps d'Armée]]'' supported by British forces including Royal Naval Commandos on 17 June 1944, in ''[[Invasion of Elba|Opération Brassard]]''. Faulty intelligence and strong defences made the battle more difficult than expected.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/85/a2943885.shtml |title=Operation Brassard {{!}} The Invasion of Elba |first=Bill |last=McGrann |work=Peoples' War Stories |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.combinedops.com/Elba%20-%20Op%20Brassard.htm |title=Operation Brazzard {{!}} The invasion of Elba |website=www.combinedops.com|access-date=31 August 2020}}</ref>

In 1954, [[BOAC Flight 781]] crashed in the waters off the coast of Elba.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19540110-1 |title=BOAC Flight 781, Database |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref>

In recent decades, thanks to its rich cultural heritage, cuisine and nature, the island has become an important international tourist destination.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bohlen |first1=Celestine |title=Italian Island of Elba Clings to Napoleon's Legacy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/world/europe/italian-island-of-elba-clings-to-napoleons-legacy.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/world/europe/italian-island-of-elba-clings-to-napoleons-legacy.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |access-date=29 March 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=14 July 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>