Editing Economy of Finland (section)

==Industry==
Since the 1990s, [[Industry in Finland|Finnish industry]], which for centuries had relied on the country's vast forests, has become increasingly dominated by electronics and services, as globalization led to a decline of more traditional industries.<ref name="virtual.finland.fi">{{cite web|url=http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=28308|title=Finnish industry: constantly adapting to a changing world – Virtual Finland|date=17 January 2009|access-date=29 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117055332/http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=28308|archive-date=17 January 2009}}</ref> Outsourcing resulted in more manufacturing being transferred abroad, with Finnish-based industry focusing to a greater extent on R&D and hi-tech electronics.

===Electronics===
The Finnish electronics and electrotechnics industry relies on heavy investment in R&D, and has been accelerated by the liberalisation of global markets. Electrical engineering started in the late 19th century with generators and electric motors built by Gottfried Strömberg, now part of the [[ABB]]. Other Finnish companies – such as Instru, [[Vaisala]] and Neles (now part of [[Metso]]) - have succeeded in areas such as industrial automation, medical and meteorological technology. [[Nokia]] was once a world leader in mobile telecommunications.

=== Metals, engineering and manufacturing ===
Finland has an abundance of minerals, but many large mines have closed down, and most raw materials are now imported. For this reason, companies now tend to focus on high added-value processing of metals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geological Survey of Finland is allowing the country to reap the mining rewards |url=https://www.worldfinance.com/strategy/geological-survey-of-finland-is-allowing-the-country-to-reap-the-mining-rewards |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.worldfinance.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The exports include steel, copper, chromium, gold, zinc and nickel, and finished products such as steel roofing and cladding, welded steel pipes, copper pipe and coated sheets. [[Outokumpu]] is known for developing the flash smelting process for copper production and stainless steel.

In 2019, the country was the world's 5th largest producer of [[chromium]],<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-chromium.pdf| title = USGS Chromium Production Statistics}}</ref> the 17th largest world producer of [[sulfur]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-sulfur.pdf| title = USGS Sulfur Production Statistics}}</ref> and the 20th largest world producer of [[phosphate]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-phosphate.pdf| title = USGS Phosphate Production Statistics}}</ref>

With regard to vehicles, the Finnish motor industry consists mostly of manufacturers of tractors ([[Valtra]], formerly [[Valmet tractor]]), forest machines (f.ex. [[Ponsse]]), military vehicles (Sisu, [[Patria (company)|Patria]]), trucks ([[Sisu Auto]]), buses and [[Valmet Automotive]], a contract manufacturer, whose factory in [[Uusikaupunki]] produces [[Mercedes-Benz]] cars. [[Shipbuilding]] is an important industry: the world's largest cruise ships are built in Finland; also, the Finnish company [[Wärtsilä]] produces the world's largest diesel engines and has market share of 47%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wartsila.com/investors/markets/market-shares|title = Market shares}}</ref> In addition, Finland also produces train [[rolling stock]].

The manufacturing industry is a significant employer of about 400,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |author=Finland in Figures |url=http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_tyoelama_en.html |title=Tilastokeskus - Labour Market |publisher=Tilastokeskus.fi |access-date=26 April 2015 |archive-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818043828/http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_tyoelama_en.html }}</ref>

=== Mining ===
* [[Ahmavaara mine]] (Gold, copper, nickel)
* [[Koivu mine]] (Titanium)
* [[Konttijärvi mine]] (Gold, copper, nickel)
* [[Mustavaara mine]] (Vanadium)
* [[Portimo mine]] (Gold)
* [[Siilinjärvi mine]] (Phosphates)
* [[Suhanko mine]] (Gold, copper, nickel)

===Chemical industry===
The chemical industry is one of the Finland's largest industrial sectors with its roots in tar making in the 17th century.<ref name="virtual.finland.fi"/> It produces an enormous range of products for the use of other industrial sectors, especially for forestry and agriculture. In addition, its produces plastics, chemicals, paints, oil products, pharmaceuticals, environmental products, biotech products and petrochemicals. In the beginning of this millennium, [[biotechnology]] was regarded as one of the most promising high-tech sectors in Finland.<ref>[http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/science/articles/10.1038/nj0022 Biotechnology: A Promising High Tech Sector in Finland] ''Spotlight on Finland'' Nature.com</ref> In 2006 it was still considered promising, even though it had not yet become "the new Nokia".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tekes.fi/globalassets/julkaisut/monien_mahdollisuuksien_bioteknologia.pdf|title=Monien mahdollisuuksien teknologia|website=Tekes.fi|date=2006|access-date=29 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415105502/http://www.tekes.fi/globalassets/julkaisut/monien_mahdollisuuksien_bioteknologia.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2015}}</ref>

===Pulp and paper industry===
[[File:Aanekoski rautatie sellutehdas maisema.jpg|thumb|A freight train departing from a pulp mill in [[Äänekoski]].]]

Forest products has been the major export industry in the past, but diversification and growth of the economy has reduced its share. In the 1970s, the [[pulp and paper industry]] accounted for half of Finnish exports. Although this share has shrunk, pulp and paper is still a major industry, with 52 sites across the country. Several of large international corporations in this business are based in Finland. [[Stora Enso]] and [[UPM (company)|UPM]] were placed No. 1 and No. 3 by output in the world, both producing more than ten million tons. [[M-real]] and [[Myllykoski Corporation|Myllykoski]] also appear on the top 100 list.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.risiinfo.com/magazine/pulpandpaper/magazine/international/september/2007/The-PPI-top-100.html?param=magazine&Type=PPI&issueMonth=September&issueYear=2007 |title=The PPI Top 100 |publisher=Risiinfo.com |date=30 September 2007 |access-date=26 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015224452/http://www.risiinfo.com/magazine/pulpandpaper/magazine/international/september/2007/The-PPI-top-100.html?param=magazine&Type=PPI&issueMonth=September&issueYear=2007 |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

===Energy industry===
[[Energy in Finland|Finland's energy supply]] is divided as follows: nuclear power 26%, net imports 20%, hydroelectric power 16%, combined production district heat 18%, combined production industry 13%, condensing power 6%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.fi/tup/suomi90/maaliskuu_en.html |website=Statistics Finland |title=The use and sources of energy 1917-2007 |date=30 March 2007 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref>
One half of all the energy consumed in Finland goes to industry, one fifth to heating buildings and one fifth to transport.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2007 |title=Finland – Energy Mix Fact Sheet |url=http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy_policy/doc/factsheets/mix/mix_fi_en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527094710/http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy_policy/doc/factsheets/mix/mix_fi_en.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2012 |access-date=29 December 2017}}</ref> Lacking indigenous fossil fuel resources, Finland has been an energy importer. This might change in the future since Finland is currently building its fifth nuclear reactor, and approved building permits for its sixth and seventh ones.<ref>[[Nuclear power in Finland]], fetched 26 November 2010</ref> There are some uranium resources in Finland, but to date no commercially viable deposits have been identified for exclusive [[Uranium mine|mining of uranium]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gtk.fi/geologia/luonnonvarat/uraani/uraanikaivokset.html |title=Uraanikaivokset |website=Gtk.fi |access-date=26 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318182255/http://www.gtk.fi/geologia/luonnonvarat/uraani/uraanikaivokset.html |archive-date=18 March 2015 }}</ref> However, permits have been granted to [[Talvivaara]] to produce uranium from the [[tailings]] of their [[nickel]]-[[cobalt]] mine.