Editing Economy of Croatia (section)

==Sectors==
In 2022, the sector with the highest number of companies registered in Croatia is Services with 110,085 companies followed by Retail Trade and Construction with 22,906 and 22,121 companies respectively.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hithorizons.com/eu/analyses/country-statistics/croatia | title=Industry Breakdown of Companies in Croatia | website=HitHorizons}}</ref>

===Industry===
{{Main|Industry of Croatia}}

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Uljanik ship launch (01).JPG|[[Uljanik]] shipyard
File:Asfaltna baza Ivanovec.1.jpg|Asphalt plant in [[Ivanovec]]
File:Sisak oil refinery2.JPG|[[Sisak]] oil refinery
File:Zadar2006.2.JPG|[[Maraska (factory)|Maraska]] [[liqueur]] factory in [[Zadar]]
</gallery>

===Tourism===
{{Main|Tourism in Croatia}}

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Costa Serena u Dubrovniku.jpg|Cruise ship in [[Dubrovnik]].
File:Kopački rit wooden trail.JPG|[[Kopački Rit]] [[Nature park]].
File:St. Mark's Church, Zagreb (16054174011).jpg|[[St. Mark's Church, Zagreb|St. Mark's Church]] in [[Zagreb]].
File:Varaždin - stari grad.jpg|[[Varaždin]] Old Town.
File:Golden Cape.jpg|[[Zlatni Rat|Zlatni Rat beach]] on the island of [[Brač]].
</gallery>

Tourism is a notable source of income during the summer and a major industry in Croatia. In 2019, it dominates the Croatian service sector and accounts for up to 11.8% of Croatian GDP.<ref>[https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/global-and-regional-tourism-performance]</ref> In 2023, 15.8 million international tourists visited Croatia.<ref>[https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/global-and-regional-tourism-performance]</ref> Annual tourist industry income for 2011 was estimated at €6.61&nbsp;billion. Its positive effects are felt throughout the economy of Croatia in terms of increased business volume observed in retail business, processing industry orders and summer seasonal employment. The industry is considered an export business, because it significantly reduces the country's external trade imbalance.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Vjesnik|url=http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx?ID=D37B6CB1-C728-44FE-94C7-8C80B4EA582F|archive-date=5 October 2022|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005203957/http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx?ID=D37B6CB1-C728-44FE-94C7-8C80B4EA582F|language=hr|title=Iako čini gotovo petinu BDP-a, i dalje niskoprofitabilna grana domaće privrede|trans-title=Even though it comprises nearly a fifth of the GDP, it is still a low-profit branch of the national economy|first1=Tomislav|last1=Pili|first2=Davor|last2=Verković|date=1 October 2011|access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref> Since the conclusion of the Croatian War of Independence, the tourist industry has grown rapidly, recording a fourfold rise in tourist numbers, with more than 10&nbsp;million tourists each year. The most numerous are tourists from Germany, Slovenia, Austria and the [[Czech Republic]] as well as Croatia itself. Length of a tourist stay in Croatia averages 4.9 days.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[T-Hrvatski Telekom]]|work=t-portal.hr|language=hr|url=http://www.tportal.hr/biznis/gospodarstvo/148403/Turisticki-prihod-porast-ce-prvi-put-nakon-2008.html|date=14 September 2011|title=Turistički prihod porast će prvi put nakon 2008.|trans-title=Tourist income to rise for the first time since 2008|access-date=21 October 2011}}</ref>

The bulk of the tourist industry is concentrated along the Adriatic Sea coast. [[Opatija]] was the first holiday resort since the middle of the 19th century. By the 1890s, it became one of the most significant European health resorts.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Opatija Tourist Board|url=http://www.opatija-tourism.hr/en/Home.aspx?PageID=5|title=History of Opatija|access-date=21 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429102936/http://www.opatija-tourism.hr/en/Home.aspx?PageID=5|archive-date=29 April 2012}}</ref> Later a large number of resorts sprang up along the coast and numerous islands, offering services ranging from [[mass tourism]] to catering and various niche markets, the most significant being [[nautical tourism]], as there are numerous marinas with more than 16&nbsp;thousand berths, [[cultural tourism]] relying on appeal of medieval coastal cities and numerous cultural events taking place during the summer. Inland areas offer mountain resorts, [[agrotourism]] and [[spa]]s. Zagreb is also a significant tourist destination, rivalling major coastal cities and resorts.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Croatian National Tourist Board]]|url=http://croatia.hr/en-GB/Activities-and-attractions|title=Activities and attractions|access-date=21 October 2011|archive-date=3 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403135239/http://croatia.hr/en-GB/Activities-and-attractions|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Croatia has unpolluted marine areas reflected through numerous nature reserves and 99 [[Blue Flag beach]]es and 28 Blue Flag marinas.<ref>{{cite web |title=OUR NUMBERS - ALL BLUE FLAG AWARDED SITES PER COUNTRY 2021 |url=https://www.blueflag.global/all-bf-sites |access-date=4 April 2022 |website=Blue Flag |publisher=[[Foundation for Environmental Education]]}}</ref> Croatia is ranked as the 18th most popular tourist destination in the world.<ref name="UNWTO">{{cite web|url=http://www.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom07_3_en.pdf|title=UNWTO World Tourism Barometer|date=October 2007|access-date=23 April 2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910050655/http://www.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom07_3_en.pdf|archive-date=10 September 2013}}</ref> About 15% of these visitors (over one million per year) are involved with [[naturism]], an industry for which Croatia is world-famous. It was also the first European country to develop commercial naturist resorts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euro-poi.com/croatian-highlights-croatia-278.html |title=Croatian highlights, Croatia |publisher=Euro-poi.com |access-date=26 March 2013 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224034343/http://www.euro-poi.com/croatian-highlights-croatia-278.html |archive-date=24 February 2013 }}</ref>

===Agriculture===
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Boškarin.JPG|Boškarin cattle.
File:Fields near Metkovic 4.jpg|Plantations in the fertile [[Neretva]] valley.
File:Vineyards of Istria (Croatia).jpg|Vineyards of [[Istria]].
File:CUJZEK - Centar za uzgoj i zaštitu međimurskog konja - kobila u hodu.JPG|[[CUJZEK Stud |Horse breeding]] 
</gallery>
Croatian agricultural sector subsists from exports of [[Blue water|blue water fish]], which in recent years experienced a tremendous surge in demand, mainly from Japan and [[South Korea]]. Croatia is a notable producer of [[organic food]]s and much of it is exported to the European Union. [[Croatian wine]]s, [[olive oil]] and [[lavender]] are particularly sought after. Value of Croatia's agriculture sector is around 3.1 billion according to preliminary data released by the national statistics office.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://poljoprivreda.gov.hr/UserDocsImages/dokumenti/poljoprivredna_politika/zeleno_izvjesce/2021_12_15%20Zeleno%20izvje%C5%A1%C4%87e%202020_final.pdf|title=poljoprivredna|year=2021|publisher=Ministarstvo poljoprivrede|language=hr|access-date=2023-02-18}}</ref>

Croatia has around 1.72 million hectares of agricultural land, however totally utilized land for agricultural in 2020 was around 1.506 million hectares, of these permanent pasture land constituted 536 000 hectares or some 35.5% of total land available to agriculture. Croatia imports significant quantity of fruits and olive oil, despite having large domestic production of the same. In terms of livestock Croatian agriculture had some 15.2 million poultry, 453 000 Cattle, 802 000 Sheep, 1.157 000 Pork/Pigs,88 000 Goats. Croatia also produced 67 000 tons of blue fish, some 9000 of these are Tuna fish, which are farmed and exported to Japan, South Korea and United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.popispoljoprivrede.hr/docs/Prezentacija%20u%20povodu%20objave%20konacnih%20podataka%20Popisa%20poljoprivrede%202020.pdf|title=Popis poljoprivrede 2020|year=2020|publisher=Ministarstvo poljoprivrede|language=hr|access-date=2023-02-18}}</ref>

Croatia produced in 2022:<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Predrag |first1=Cvjetićanin |last2=Kanižaj |first2=Željko |date=31 January 2023 |title=Površina i proizvodnja žitarica i ostalih usjeva u 2022. |trans-title=Area and production of cereals and other crops in 2022 |url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/2022/hr/29384 |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=DZS |language=hr |publication-place=Zagreb |issn=1334-0557}}</ref>

* 1.66 million tons of [[maize]];
* 970 thousand tons of [[wheat]];
* 524 thousand tons of [[sugar beet]] (the beet is used to manufacture [[sugar]] and [[ethanol]]);
* 319 thousand tons of [[barley]];
* 196 thousand tons of [[soybean]];
* 154 thousand tons of [[sunflower seed]];
* 146 thousand tons of [[grape]];
* 107 thousand tons of [[potato]];
* 59 thousand tons of [[rapeseed]];

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, like [[apple]] (93 thousand tons), [[triticale]] (62 thousand tons) and [[olive]] (34 thousand tons).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/| title = Croatia production in 2018, by FAO}}</ref>

=== Transport ===
{{Main|Transport in Croatia}}

[[File:Autocesta Zagreb-Split kod Jezerana (Croatia).JPG|right|thumb|The country's longest motorway, [[A1 (Croatia)|A1]], in 2010]]

The highlight of Croatia's recent infrastructure developments is its rapidly developed [[Motorways in Croatia|motorway network]], largely built in the late 1990s and especially in the 2000s. By January 2022, Croatia had completed more than {{convert|1300|km|abbr=off}} of motorways, connecting Zagreb to most other regions and following various [[International E-road network|European routes]] and four [[Pan-European corridors]].<ref name="Helsinki-1997">{{cite journal|publisher=[[University of Rijeka]], Faculty of Maritime Studies|url =http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/6570|title=The integration of the Republic of Croatia into the Pan-European transport corridor network|author=Tanja Poletan Jugović|journal=Pomorstvo |volume=20|issue=1|pages=49–65|date=11 April 2006|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="HUKA_2019b">{{cite web |date=August 2021 |title=Ključne brojke 2020 |trans-title=Key figures 2020 |url=https://www.huka.hr/files/docs/HUKA_NACIONALNO_IZVJESCE_O_AUTOCESTAMA_2020_HR_V1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104003732/https://www.huka.hr/files/docs/HUKA_NACIONALNO_IZVJESCE_O_AUTOCESTAMA_2020_HR_V1.pdf |archive-date=2021-11-04 |url-status=live |language=hr, en |publisher=HUKA |issn=1848-0233 |access-date=3 November 2021}}</ref> The busiest motorways are the [[A1 (Croatia)|A1]], connecting Zagreb to Split and the [[A3 (Croatia)|A3]], passing east–west through northwest Croatia and Slavonia.<ref name="HC-promet">{{cite web|publisher=[[Hrvatske ceste]] |url=http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf |title=Traffic counting on the roadways of Croatia in 2009 – digest |access-date=1 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721100545/http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref> A widespread network of [[state roads in Croatia]] acts as motorway [[Feeder line (network)|feeder roads]] while connecting all major settlements in the country. The high quality and safety levels of the Croatian motorway network were tested and confirmed by several EuroTAP and EuroTest programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurotestmobility.com/news.php?item=25&PHPSESSID=a7d9b4decd981bb3cdc3494656b0104d|title=EuroTest|publisher=Eurotestmobility.com|access-date=3 January 2009|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430010646/http://www.eurotestmobility.com/news.php?item=25&PHPSESSID=a7d9b4decd981bb3cdc3494656b0104d|archive-date=30 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.javno.com/en/croatia/clanak.php?id=38990|title=Brinje Tunnel Best European Tunnel|publisher=Javno.com|access-date=3 January 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115220041/http://www.javno.com/en/croatia/clanak.php?id=38990|archive-date=15 January 2009}}</ref>

Croatia has an [[List of railway lines in Croatia|extensive rail network]] spanning {{convert|2722|km|abbr=off}}, including {{convert|985|km|abbr=off}} of electrified railways and {{convert|254|km|abbr=off}} of double track railways. The most significant railways in Croatia are found within the [[European route E73|Pan-European transport corridor Vb]] and [[Pan-European Corridor X|corridor X]] connecting Rijeka to Budapest and Ljubljana to Belgrade, both via Zagreb.<ref name="Helsinki-1997" /> All rail services are operated by Croatian Railways.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Vjesnik|title=Skuplje korištenje pruga uništava HŽ|trans-title=More Expensive Railway Fees Ruin Croatian Railways|language=hr|date=10 May 2011|first=Tomislav|last=Pili|url=http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx?ID=B93764C8-6505-4A87-BDDF-B22148331E6E|archive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240526010235/https://www.webcitation.org/68PYpf0Jp?url=http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx%3FID=B93764C8-6505-4A87-BDDF-B22148331E6E|access-date=26 October 2011}}</ref>

There are international airports in [[Zagreb Airport|Zagreb]], [[Zadar Airport|Zadar]], [[Split Airport|Split]], [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]], [[Rijeka Airport|Rijeka]], [[Osijek Airport|Osijek]] and [[Pula Airport|Pula]].<ref name="MMPI-Airports">{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia)]]|url=http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=675|title=Air transport|access-date=10 October 2011|archive-date=3 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703104330/http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=675|url-status=dead}}</ref> As of January 2011, Croatia complies with [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] aviation safety standards and the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] upgraded it to Category 1 rating.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faa.gov/news/press_releases/news_story.cfm?newsId=12337|title=FAA Raises Safety Rating for Croatia|publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]]|date=26 January 2011|access-date=27 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626094211/http://www.faa.gov/news/press_releases/news_story.cfm?newsId=12337|archive-date=26 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The busiest cargo [[seaport]] in Croatia is the [[Port of Rijeka]] and the busiest passenger ports are [[Port of Split|Split]] and Zadar.<ref name="WB-Rijeka">{{cite web|publisher=World Bank|language=hr|title=Riječka luka –jadranski "prolaz" prema Europi|trans-title=The Port of Rijeka – Adriatic "gateway" to Europe|date=3 March 2006|access-date=13 October 2011|url=http://go.worldbank.org/V9N60RX7L0|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120805200119/http://go.worldbank.org/V9N60RX7L0|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="MMPI-RL-plan">{{cite web|publisher=Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia)|url=http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=480|title=Luke|trans-title=Ports|language=hr|access-date=24 August 2011|archive-date=16 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216063733/http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=480|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition to those, a large number of minor ports serve an extensive system of ferries connecting numerous islands and coastal cities in addition to ferry lines to several cities in Italy.<ref name="AOLPP-Rijeka">{{cite web|publisher=Agencija za obalni linijski pomorski promet|url=http://www.agencija-zolpp.hr/Brodskelinije/tabid/1267/Default.aspx|language=hr|title=Plovidbeni red za 2011. godinu|trans-title=Sailing Schedule for Year 2011|access-date=27 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715203314/http://www.agencija-zolpp.hr/Brodskelinije/tabid/1267/Default.aspx|archive-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> The largest river port is Vukovar, located on the Danube, representing the nation's outlet to the [[Pan-European Corridor VII|Pan-European corridor VII]].<ref name="Helsinki-1997" /><ref name="MMPI-River-Navigation">{{cite web|publisher=Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia)|url=http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=890|title=Plovni putovi|trans-title=Navigable routes|language=hr|access-date=10 September 2011|archive-date=16 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216060844/http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=890|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Energy===
{{Main|Energy in Croatia}}

[[File:Urinj 251208.jpg|right|thumb|An oil refinery near [[Rijeka]], 2012]]
[[File:Hidrocentrala Dubrava - zgrada.jpg|right|thumb|A hydroelectric power plant in [[Međimurje]], 2014]]
There are {{convert|631|km|abbr=off}} of crude oil pipelines in Croatia, connecting the [[Adria oil pipeline|JANAF]] oil terminal with refineries in Rijeka and Sisak, as well as several transhipment terminals. The system has a capacity of 20&nbsp;million tonnes per year.<ref name="JANAF-system">{{cite web |title=The JANAF system |url=http://www.janaf.hr/index.php?option=sustav&lang=en |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=JANAF |publisher=[[Jadranski naftovod]]}}</ref> The natural gas transportation system comprises {{convert|2544|km|abbr=off}} of trunk and regional natural gas pipelines, and more than 300 associated structures, connecting production rigs, the Okoli natural gas storage facility, 27 end-users and 37 distribution systems.<ref name="Plinacro-system">{{cite web |title=Transportni sustav |trans-title=Transport system |url=http://www.plinacro.hr/default.aspx?id=264 |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Plinacro |language=hr}}</ref>

Croatian production of energy sources covers 29% of nationwide natural gas demand and 26% of oil demand. In 2023, net total electrical power production in Croatia reached 16,378&nbsp;GWh and Croatia imported 26% of its electric power energy needs. The bulk of Croatian imports are supplied by the [[Krško Nuclear Power Plant]] in Slovenia, 50% owned by [[Hrvatska elektroprivreda]], providing 12% of Croatia's electricity.<ref name=":22" />

'''Electricity:'''<ref name=":5" />
* Production: 13,696 GWh (2022)
* Consumption: 18,391 GWh (2022)
* Exports: 7,225 GWh (2022)
* Imports: 11,920 GWh (2022)

'''Electricity – production by source:'''<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Izvori energije |trans-title=Energy sources |url=https://www.hep.hr/opskrba/trziste-elektricne-energije/trziste/izvori-energije/1385 |access-date=28 January 2024 |website=HEP Opskrba |language=hr}}</ref>
* Hydro: 34% (2023)
* Thermal: 21% (2023)
* Nuclear: 12% (2023)
* Renewable: 7% (2023)
* Imports: 26% (2023)

'''Crude Oil:'''<ref>{{Cite journal |date=15 December 2023 |title=Energetska statistika u 2022. |trans-title=Energy statistics, 2022 |url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/media/2ngi45d0/si-1717_energetska-statistika-u-2022.pdf |journal=Statistička izvješća |language=hr |location=Zagreb |publisher=Croatian Bureau of Statistics |page=15 |issn=1334-5834}}</ref>
* Production: 594 thousand tons (2022)
* Consumption: 2.306 million tons (2022)
* Exports: 202 thousand tons (2022)
* Imports: 1,979 million tons (2022)
* Proved Reserves: {{convert|3508900|m3|oilbbl}} (2022)<ref name=":23">{{Cite web |title=Energija u Hrvatskoj 2022 |url=https://eihp.hr/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Energija-u-HR-22_WEB-novo.pdf |access-date=23 February 2024 |website=Energetski institut Hrvoje Požar |publisher=Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, Republic of Croatia |language=hr, en |issn=1848-1787}}</ref>
'''Natural Gas:'''<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |date=15 December 2023 |title=Energetska statistika u 2022. |trans-title=Energy statistics, 2022 |url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/media/2ngi45d0/si-1717_energetska-statistika-u-2022.pdf |journal=Statistička izvješća |language=hr |location=Zagreb |publisher=Croatian Bureau of Statistics |page=17 |issn=1334-5834}}</ref>
* Production: 745 million m<sup>3</sup> (2022)
* Consumption: 2,529 billion m<sup>3</sup> (2022)
* Exports: 1,063 million m<sup>3</sup> (2022)
* Imports: 3,022 billion m<sup>3</sup> (2022)
* Proved Reserves: 15.592,4 million m<sup>3</sup> (2022)<ref name=":23" />