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===Morphological differences=== The major morphological difference among different species of ''Echinococcus'' is the length of the tapeworm. ''E. granulosus'' is approximately 2 to 7 mm while ''E. multilocularis'' is often smaller and is 4 mm or less.<ref name=Eckert04>{{cite journal |vauthors=Eckert J, Deplazes P |title=Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=107β35 |date=January 2004 |pmid=14726458 |pmc=321468 |doi=10.1128/cmr.17.1.107-135.2004 }}</ref> On the other hand, ''E. vogeli'' is found to be up to 5.6 mm long and ''E. oligarthrus'' is found to be up to 2.9 mm long.<ref name="dpd" /> In addition to the difference in length, there are also differences in the hydatid cysts of the different species. For instance, in ''E. multilocularis'', the cysts have an ultra thin limiting membrane and the germinal epithelium may bud externally. Furthermore, ''E. granulosus'' cysts are unilocular and full of fluid while ''E. multilocularis'' cysts contain little fluid and are multilocular. For ''E. vogeli'', its hydatid cysts are large and are polycystic since the germinal membrane of the hydatid cyst proliferates both inward, to create septa that divide the hydatid into sections, and outward, to create new cysts. Like ''E. granulosus'' cysts, ''E. vogeli'' cysts are filled with fluid.<ref name="JohnDavid" />
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