Editing Eardrum (section)

===Rupture===
Unintentional [[perforated eardrum|perforation]] (rupture) has been described in [[blast injuries]]<ref>{{cite journal | title=Tympanic membrane perforation and hearing loss from blast overpressure in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom wounded |vauthors=Ritenour AE, Wickley A, Retinue JS, Kriete BR, Blackbourne LH, Holcomb JB, Wade CE | date=February 2008 | journal=J Trauma | volume=64|issue=2 Suppl|doi=10.1097/ta.0b013e318160773e  |pmid=18376162 | pages=S174-8 }}</ref> and [[air travel]], typically in patients experiencing [[upper respiratory infection|upper respiratory]] [[nasal congestion|congestion]] or general [[Eustachian tube dysfunction]] that prevents equalization of pressure in the middle ear.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Otic barotrauma from air travel |vauthors=Mirza S, Richardson H | date=May 2005 | journal=J Laryngol Otol | volume=119 | pages=366–70 | pmid=15949100 | doi=10.1258/0022215053945723 | issue=5|s2cid=45256115 }}</ref> It is also known to occur in [[swimming]], [[Underwater diving|diving]] (including [[scuba diving]]),<ref>{{cite journal | title=Tympanometric evaluation of middle ear barotrauma during recreational scuba diving |author1=Green SM |author2=Rothrock SG |author3=Green EA= | date=October 1993 | journal=Int J Sports Med | volume=14 | pages=411–5 | pmid=8244609 | doi=10.1055/s-2007-1021201 | issue=7}}</ref> and [[martial arts]].<ref>{{cite journal | title=Traumatic tympanic membrane rupture in a mixed martial arts competition |vauthors=Fields JD, McKeag DB, Turner JL | date=February 2008 | journal=Current Sports Med Rep | volume=7 | pages=10–11 | pmid=18296937| doi=10.1097/01.CSMR.0000308672.53182.3b | issue=1|s2cid=205388185 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

Patients with tympanic membrane rupture may experience bleeding, [[tinnitus]], [[hearing loss]], or disequilibrium ([[vertigo]]). However, they rarely require medical intervention, as between 80 and 95 percent of ruptures recover completely within two to four weeks.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Spontaneous healing of traumatic tympanic membrane perforations in man: a century of experience | author=Kristensen S | date=December 1992 | journal=J Laryngol Otol | volume=106 | pages=1037–50 | pmid=1487657 | issue=12 | doi=10.1017/s0022215100121723| s2cid=21899785 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title=Acute traumatic tympanic membrane perforations. Cover or observe? |vauthors=Lindeman P, Edström S, Granström G, Jacobsson S, von Sydow C, Westin T, Aberg B | date=December 1987 | journal=Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | volume=113 | pages=1285–7 | pmid=3675893 | issue=12 | doi=10.1001/archotol.1987.01860120031002}}</ref><ref name=Garth>{{cite journal | title=Blast injury of the ear: an overview and guide to management | author=Garth RJ | date=July 1995 | journal=Injury | volume=26 | issue = 6 | pages=363–6 | doi=10.1016/0020-1383(95)00042-8| pmid=7558254 }}</ref> The prognosis becomes more guarded as the force of injury increases.<ref name=Garth/>