Editing Duplicating machines (section)

==Digital duplicators==
{{Main|Digital duplicator}}
In 1986, the RISO Kagaku Corporation introduced the digital duplicator.  It uses the basic mimeograph technology but improves on it, in that the operator does not have to create the stencil directly. The stencil, called a master, is made by use of a scanner and thermal print head.  A used master is automatically removed and placed in a disposal box, as a new one is created.  This way the operator should not have to touch the used master material that is coated in ink.

There are also cost advantages over a copier at higher volume. For smaller print runs, the main cost is in the master material. This ranges between 40 – 80 cents per master depending on the manufacturer. When spread over 20 or more copies, the cost per copy (2 to 4 cents) is close to photocopiers. But for every additional copy, the average cost decreases.  At 100 prints, the master cost per copy was only 0.4–0.8 cents per copy, and the cost of the paper printed upon will start to dominate.  A master is capable of making 4000–5000 prints, and then a new master easily be made if needed for further copies.

Other manufacturers have adapted the technology including:
* [[Riso Kagaku Corporation]]
* [[Gestetner]]
* [[Ricoh]]
* Duplo

===How digital duplicators work===
Like the mimeo machine, digital duplicators have a stencil (called a master), ink, and drum—but the process is all automated.
# The original is placed on a flat bed scanner or fed through a sheet feed scanner, depending on the model.
# When the start button is pressed, the image is scanned into memory by reflecting light off the original and into a [[charge-coupled device|CCD]].
# The image is burned onto the master material that is coated or laminated on one side, in a series of small holes by the thermal print head.
# As the new master is burning it is stored while the old master is removed.
# There is a clamp plate on the drum that opens by motor. The drum turns and the old master material is fed into the disposal rollers and into the disposal box.
# The new master is fed into the clamp which closes, then the drum is turned, pulling the master onto the drum.
# The outside of the drum is covered in screens and the inside is coated in ink. The screens make sure the ink flow is regulated.
# The paper is fed to the drum, and the ink only comes through the master material where there are holes.
# A pressure roller presses the paper to the drum and transfers the ink to the paper to form the image.
# The paper then exits the machine into an exit tray. The ink is still wet.