Editing Dieting (section)

=== Exclusion Diet ===
This type of diet is based on the restriction of specific foods or food groups. Examples include gluten-free, Paleo, plant-based, and Mediterranean diets.

Plant-based diets include vegetarian and vegan diets, and can range from the simple exclusion of meat products to diets that only include raw vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, legumes, and sprouted grains.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Melina |first1=Vesanto |last2=Craig |first2=Winston |last3=Levin |first3=Susan |date=December 2016 |title=Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025 |journal=Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics |volume=116 |issue=12 |pages=1970–1980 |doi=10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025 |pmid=27886704 |s2cid=4984228 |issn=2212-2672 |access-date=1 March 2024 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707010241/https://secure.jbs.elsevierhealth.com/action/getSharedSiteSession?redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fandjrnl.org%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2212267216311923&rc=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> Exclusion of animal products can reduce the intake of certain nutrients, which might lead to nutritional deficiencies of protein, iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamins D and B<sub>12</sub>.<ref name=":2" /> Therefore, long term implementation of a plant-based diet requires effective counseling and nutritional supplementation as necessary. Plant-based diets are effective for short-term treatment of overweight and obesity, likely due to the high consumption of low energy density foods.<ref name=":1" /> However, evidence for long-term efficacy is limited.<ref name=":1" />

The Paleo diet includes foods that it identifies as having been available to Paleolithic peoples<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agoulnik |first1=Dorothy |last2=Lalonde |first2=Mathieu Pascal |last3=Ellmore |first3=George S. |last4=McKeown |first4=Nicola M. |date=May 2021 |title=Part 1: The Origin and Evolution of the Paleo Diet |journal=Nutrition Today |language=en |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=94–104 |doi=10.1097/NT.0000000000000482 |s2cid=235398211 |issn=1538-9839|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Diet Review: Paleo Diet for Weight Loss |url=https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/healthy-weight/diet-reviews/paleo-diet/ |website=Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health |access-date=9 October 2024}}</ref> including meat, nuts, eggs, some oils, fresh fruits, and vegetables.<ref name=":1" /> Overall, it is high in protein and moderate in fats and carbohydrates. Some limited evidence suggests various health benefits and effective weight loss with this diet. However, similar to the plant-based diet, the Paleo diet has potential nutritional deficiency risks, specifically with vitamin D, calcium, and iodine.<ref name=":1" />

Gluten-free diets are often used for weight loss but little has been studied about the efficacy of this diet and metabolic mechanism for its effectiveness is unclear.<ref name=":1" />

The Mediterranean diet is characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole-grain cereals, seafood, olive oil, and nuts. Red meat, dairy and alcohol are only recommended in moderation. Studies show that the Mediterranean diet is associated with short term as well as long term weight loss in addition to health and metabolic benefits.<ref name=":1" />