Editing Dictator (section)

=== Modern usage in formal titles ===
[[File:Giuseppe Garibaldi portrait2.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], celebrated as one of the greatest generals of modern times<ref name="scholar and patriot">{{Cite web|title=Scholar and Patriot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWK7AAAAIAAJ&q=Garibaldi%2Bone%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bgreatest%2Bgenerals%2Bof%2Bmodern%2Btime&pg=PAPA133|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328152801/https://books.google.com/books?id=iWK7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PAPA133&q=Garibaldi%2Bone%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bgreatest%2Bgenerals%2Bof%2Bmodern%2Btime#v=onepage&q=Garibaldi%2Bone%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bgreatest%2Bgenerals%2Bof%2Bmodern%2Btime&f=false|archive-date=28 March 2024|access-date=5 April 2020|publisher=Manchester University Press|via=Google Books}}</ref> and as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe,<ref name="Garibaldi on Encyclopædia Britannica">{{Cite web|title=Giuseppe Garibaldi (Italian revolutionary)|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/225978/Giuseppe-Garibaldi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226091529/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/225978/Giuseppe-Garibaldi|archive-date=26 February 2014|access-date=6 March 2014}}</ref> who fought in many military campaigns that led to [[Italian unification]]. He proclaimed himself [[Dictatorial Government of Sicily|dictator of Sicily]] in 1860 during the [[Expedition of the Thousand]]]]

Because of its negative and pejorative connotations, modern authoritarian leaders very rarely (if ever) use the term ''dictator'' in their formal titles, instead they most often simply have title of [[President (government title)|president]]. In the 19th century, however, its official usage was more common:<ref>Moisés Prieto, ed. ''Dictatorship in the Nineteenth Century: Conceptualisations, Experiences, Transfers'' (Routledge, 2021).</ref>

* The [[Dictatorial Government of Sicily]] (27 May – 4 November 1860) was a provisional executive government appointed by [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]] to rule [[Sicily]] during the [[Expedition of the Thousand]]. The government ended when [[Sicily#Italian unification|Sicily's annexation]] into the Kingdom of Italy was ratified by plebiscite.<ref>Cesare Vetter, "Garibaldi and the dictatorship: Features and cultural sources." in ''Dictatorship in the Nineteenth Century'' (Routledge, 2021) pp. 113–132.</ref>
* [[Marian Langiewicz]] of Poland proclaimed himself Dictator and attempted (unsuccessfully) to form a Polish government in March 1863.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Langiewicz, Maryan}}</ref>
* [[Romuald Traugutt]] was Dictator of Poland from 17 October 1863 to 10 April 1864.<ref>Stefan Kieniewicz, "Polish Society and the Insurrection of 1863." ''Past & Present'' 37 (1967): 130–148.</ref>
* The [[Dictatorial Government of the Philippines]] (24 May – 23 June 1898) was an insurgent government in the Philippines which was headed by [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], who formally held the title of Dictator.<ref name=aguinaldo>{{cite web|title=The First Philippine Republic|url=http://nhcp.gov.ph/the-first-philippine-republic/|publisher=National Historical Commission|access-date=26 May 2018|date=7 September 2012|quote=On June 20, Aguinaldo issued a decree organizing the judiciary, and on June 23, again upon Mabini’s advice, major changes were promulgated and implemented: change of government from Dictatorial to Revolutionary; change of the Executive title from Dictator to President|archive-date=27 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127011004/http://nhcp.gov.ph/the-first-philippine-republic/|url-status=live}}</ref> The dictatorial government was superseded by the [[Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899)|revolutionary government]] with Aguinaldo as president.