Editing Dianthus caryophyllus (section)

===Holidays and events===
Carnations are often worn on special occasions, especially [[Mother's Day]] and weddings. In 1907, [[Anna Jarvis]] chose a carnation as the emblem of Mother's Day because it was her mother's favourite flower.<ref>{{Cite book| title = Consumer Rites: The Buying and Selling of American Holidays | author = Leigh Eric Schmidt | edition = reprint, illustrated | editor = Princeton University Press | editor-link = Princeton University Press | year = 1997 | page = 260 | publisher = Princeton University Press | isbn = 0-691-01721-2 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=maF8mTPsJqsC&q=carnation+mother%27s+day&pg=PA260}}</ref> This tradition is now observed in the United States and Canada on the second Sunday in May. Ann Jarvis chose the white carnation because she wanted to represent the purity of a mother's love.<ref name="vancouversun">{{Cite news | url = http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=c942370c-cdbb-43b2-af59-71ad4b546854 | title = Mother's Day creator likely 'spinning in her grave' | author = Louisa Taylor, Canwest News Service | work = [[Vancouver Sun]] | date = 11 May 2008 | access-date = 7 July 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080627112442/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=c942370c-cdbb-43b2-af59-71ad4b546854 | archive-date = 27 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="msnbc">{{cite news| url = https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna24556903 | title = Mother's Day reaches 100th anniversary, The woman who lobbied for this day would berate you for buying a card | agency = Associated Press | work = NBC News | date = 11 May 2008 | access-date = 7 July 2008 }}</ref> This meaning has evolved over time, and now a red carnation may be worn if one's mother is alive, and a white one if she has died.<ref name="annie">{{cite web| url = http://www.annieshomepage.com/mothershistory.html | title = Annie's "Mother's Day" History Page | access-date = 26 June 2008 }}</ref>

In [[Slovenia]], red carnations are sometimes also given to women on Women's Day, the 8th of March, however, nowadays orchids or roses are often given as well.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blatnik |first=Tanja Kozorog |title=Rože ob dnevu žena: nekoč "rožni stereotip" nagelj, danes vrtnice in orhideje |url=https://www.rtvslo.si/zabava-in-slog/zanimivosti/roze-ob-dnevu-zena-nekoc-rozni-stereotip-nagelj-danes-vrtnice-in-orhideje/331472 |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=rtvslo.si |language=sl}}</ref> In [[Korea]], carnations express admiration, love and gratitude. Red and pink carnations are worn on [[Parents Day]] (Korea does not separate Mother's Day or Father's Day, but has Parents Day on 8 May). Sometimes, parents wear a corsage of carnation(s) on their left chest on Parents Day. Carnations are also worn on Teachers Day (15 May).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Society/view?articleId=136259|title=Teacher's Day|last=Eaves|first=Gregory|date=13 May 2016|website=korea.net|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

Red carnations are worn on [[International Workers' Day|May Day]] as a symbol of [[socialism]] and the [[labour movement]] in some countries, such as [[Austria]], Italy,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/sr263/flett.htm | title=May Day | author=Keith Flett | year=2002 | publisher=[[Socialist Review]] | access-date=4 March 2010 | archive-date=16 June 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616133307/http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/sr263/flett.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> and successor countries of the [[former Yugoslavia]]. The red carnation is also the symbol of the [[Carnation Revolution]] in [[Portugal]] thanks to [[Celeste Caeiro]]. Green carnations are for [[St. Patrick's Day]] and were famously worn by the Irish writer [[Oscar Wilde]]. The green carnation thence became a symbol of [[homosexuality]] in the early 20th century, especially through the book ''[[The Green Carnation]]'' and [[Noël Coward]]'s song, "We All Wear a Green Carnation" in his [[operetta]], ''[[Bitter Sweet (operetta)|Bitter Sweet]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oanh |first=Tú |date=2025-03-15 |title=Dạy cắm hoa |url=https://shophoatuoanh.com/day-nghe/day-cam-hoa-mo-shop |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=shophoatuoanh.com |language=vi}}</ref> In communist [[Czechoslovakia]] and in [[Poland]] in times of the [[People's Republic of Poland]], carnations were traditionally given to women on the widely celebrated [[International Women's Day|Women's Day]], together with commodities that were difficult to obtain due to the countries' communist system, such as [[tights]], towels, [[soap]] and [[coffee]].{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}

After the 1990 uprisings against Soviets in [[Azerbaijan]] in which 147 Azerbaijani civilians were killed, 800 people were injured and five people went missing, the carnation has become a symbol of the Black January tragedy associated with the carnations thrown into the puddles of blood shed in the streets of Azerbaijan subsequent to the massacre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/the-night-on-which-even-the-carnation-shed-tears-108695|title=The night on which even the carnation shed tears|website=Hürriyet Daily News|date=18 January 2017 |language=en|access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref>

At the [[University of Oxford]], carnations are traditionally worn to all examinations; white for the first exam, pink for exams in between, and red for the last exam. One story explaining this tradition relates that initially a white carnation was kept in a red inkpot between exams, so by the last exam it was fully red; the story is thought to originate in the late 1990s.{{Cn|date=May 2024}}

[[File:Carnations redoute.JPG|frame|Carnations painted by [[Pierre-Joseph Redouté]]]]

Carnations are the traditional first wedding anniversary flower.<ref>[[Wedding anniversary#Flower gifts]]</ref> Carnations are also known as the "Flower of God". The Greek name for Carnation is a fusion of "dios" and "anthos". Dios is used the described Zeus while Anthos means flower; thus the name "flower of God" is attached to it.{{Cn|date=May 2024}}