Editing Diacritic (section)

===Syriac===
{{further|Syriac alphabet}}
* A dot above and a dot below a letter represent {{IPA|[a]}}, transliterated as ''a'' or ''ă'',
* Two diagonally-placed dots above a letter represent {{IPA|[ɑ]}}, transliterated as ''ā'' or ''â'' or ''å'',
* Two horizontally-placed dots below a letter represent {{IPA|[ɛ]}}, transliterated as ''e'' or ''ĕ''; often pronounced {{IPA|[ɪ]}} and transliterated as ''i'' in the [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|East Syriac dialect]],
* Two diagonally-placed dots below a letter represent {{IPA|[e]}}, transliterated as ''ē'',
* A dot underneath the ''Beth'' represent a soft {{IPA|[v]}} sound, transliterated as ''v''
* A tilde (~) placed under ''Gamel'' represent a {{IPA|[dʒ]}} sound, transliterated as ''j''
* The letter ''Waw'' with a dot below it represents {{IPA|[u]}}, transliterated as ''ū'' or ''u'',
* The letter ''Waw'' with a dot above it represents {{IPA|[o]}}, transliterated as ''ō'' or ''o'',
* The letter ''Yōḏ'' with a dot beneath it represents {{IPA|[i]}}, transliterated as ''ī'' or ''i'',
* A [[tilde]] (~) under ''Kaph'' represent a {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}} sound, transliterated as ''ch'' or ''č'',
* A semicircle under ''Peh'' represents an {{IPA|[f]}} sound, transliterated as ''f'' or ''ph''.

In addition to the above vowel marks, transliteration of Syriac sometimes includes ''ə'', ''e̊'' or superscript ''<sup>e</sup>'' (or often nothing at all) to represent an original Aramaic [[schwa]] that became lost later on at some point in the development of Syriac.<ref>[[Eberhard Nestle|Nestle, Eberhard]] (1888). ''Syrische Grammatik mit Litteratur, Chrestomathie und Glossar''. Berlin: H. Reuther's Verlagsbuchhandlung. [translated to English as ''Syriac grammar with bibliography, chrestomathy and glossary'', by R. S. Kennedy. London: Williams & Norgate 1889].</ref> Some transliteration schemes find its inclusion necessary for showing spirantization or for historical reasons.<ref>Coakley, J. F. (2002). ''Robinson's Paradigms and Exercises in Syriac Grammar'' (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-926129-1}}.</ref><ref>Michaelis, Ioannis Davidis (1784). ''Grammatica Syriaca''.</ref>