Editing Demographics of Tunisia (section)

===Genetics===
{{further|Genetic history of North Africa}}
[[File:HG J1 (ADN-Y).PNG|thumb|Geographical frequency distribution of [[Haplogroup J-M267|Haplogroup J1]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Sakshi |last2=Singh |first2=Ashish |last3=Rajkumar |first3=Raja |last4=Sampath Kumar |first4=Katakam |last5=Kadarkarai Samy |first5=Subburaj |last6=Nizamuddin |first6=Sheikh |last7=Singh |first7=Amita |last8=Ahmed Sheikh |first8=Shahnawaz |last9=Peddada |first9=Vidya |last10=Khanna |first10=Vinee |last11=Veeraiah |first11=Pandichelvam |last12=Pandit |first12=Aridaman |last13=Chaubey |first13=Gyaneshwer |last14=Singh |first14=Lalji |last15=Thangaraj |first15=Kumarasamy |date=12 January 2016 |title=Dissecting the influence of Neolithic demic diffusion on Indian Y-chromosome pool through J2-M172 haplogroup |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=6 |pages=19157 |doi=10.1038/srep19157 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4709632 |pmid=26754573|bibcode=2016NatSR...619157S }}</ref>]]
Tunisians mainly carry [[Haplogroup J-M267|haplogroup J1]] (34.2%) and [[Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)|haplogroup E]] (55%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 May 2016 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414212524/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2004_v74_p1023-1034.pdf |archive-date=14 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cruciani|first=Fulvio|date=May 2004|title=Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa|url= |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=74| issue = 5|pages=1014–1022|doi=10.1086/386294|pmid=15042509|display-authors=etal|pmc=1181964}}</ref><ref name="Bhatia">{{cite book |author=Tej K. Bhatia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNqVaUk4dM0C |title=The Handbook of Bilingualism |author2=William C. Ritchie |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0631227359 |page=860 |access-date=15 August 2017}}</ref>

"In fact, the Tunisian genetic distances to European samples are smaller than those to North African groups. (...) This could be explained by the history of the Tunisian population, reflecting the influence of the ancient Punic settlers of [[Carthage]] followed, among others, by Roman, Byzantine, Arab and French occupations, according to historical records. Notwithstanding, other explanations cannot be discarded, such as the relative heterogeneity within current Tunisian populations, and/or the limited sub-Saharan genetic influence in this region as compared with other North African areas, without excluding the possibility of the [[genetic drift]], whose effect might be particularly amplified on the X chromosome.",<ref>[http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n5/abs/5201797a.html The X chromosome Alu insertions as a tool for human population genetics: data from European and African human groups], Athanasiadis et al. 2007</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Tomas C, Sanchez JJ, Barbaro A |title=X-chromosome SNP analyses in 11 human Mediterranean populations show a high overall genetic homogeneity except in North-west Africans (Moroccans) |journal=BMC Evol. Biol. |volume=8|pages=75 |year=2008 |issue=1 |pmid=18312628 |pmc=2315647 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-8-75 |bibcode=2008BMCEE...8...75T |quote=Tunisians did not show a significant level of differentiation with northern populations as mentioned by others|display-authors=etal |doi-access=free }}</ref>

However, other research has suggested instead that Tunisians exhibit a mostly indigenous North African ancestral component similar to other Northwest African populations; characterized by a high amount of native Northwest African genes, but with higher Middle Eastern input than in Algeria or Morocco.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/4137738|title=Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome microstructure in Tunisia|journal=Journal of Human Genetics|volume=56|issue=10|pages=734–741|last1=Benammar-Elgaaïed|first1=Amel|last2=Larruga|first2=José M.|last3=Cabrera|first3=Vicente M.|last4=Mahmoudi|first4=Hejer Abdallah El|last5=González|first5=Ana M.|last6=Khodjet-El-Khil|first6=Houssein|last7=Fregel|first7=Rosa|last8=Ennafaa|first8=Hajer|year=2011|doi=10.1038/jhg.2011.92|pmid=21833004|doi-access=free}}</ref>

====Y-Chromosome====
Listed here are the [[human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups]] in Tunisia.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Bekada | first1 = A | last2 = Fregel | first2 = R | last3 = Cabrera | first3 = VM | last4 = Larruga | first4 = JM | last5 = Pestano | first5 = J |display-authors=et al | year = 2013 | title = Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 2| page = e56775 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0056775 | pmid=23431392 | pmc=3576335| bibcode = 2013PLoSO...856775B | doi-access = free }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Haplogroup
! Marker
! Tunisia
|-
| n
| 
| 601
|-
| B
| 
| {{percentage bar|0.17}}
|-
| E1a
| M33
| {{percentage bar|0.5}}
|-
| E1b1a
| M2
| {{percentage bar|0.67}}
|-
| E1b1b1
| M35
| {{percentage bar|1.66}}
|-
| E1b1b1a3
| V22
| {{percentage bar|3}}
|-
| E1b1b1a4
| V65
| {{percentage bar|3.16}}
|-
| E1b1b1b
| M81
| {{percentage bar|62.73}}
|-
| E1b1b1c
| M34
| {{percentage bar|1.16}}
|-
| F
| M89
| {{percentage bar|2.66}}
|-
| G
| M201
| {{percentage bar|0.17}}
|-
| I
| 
| {{percentage bar|0.17}}
|-
| J1
| 
| {{percentage bar|16.64}}
|-
| J2
| 
| {{percentage bar|2.83}}
|-
| K
| 
| {{percentage bar|0.33}}
|-
| P,R
| 
| {{percentage bar|0.33}}
|-
| R1a1
| 
| {{percentage bar|0.5}}
|-
| R1b1a
| V88
| {{percentage bar|1.83}}
|-
| R1b1b
| M269
| {{percentage bar|0.33}}
|-
| T
| M70
| {{percentage bar|1.16}}
|}