Editing Demographics of Chile (section)

===Indigenous communities===
[[File:Pueblos indigenas de Chile.svg|thumb|center|700px|Distribution of the pre-Hispanic people of Chile, north is to the right]]
{{Main|Indigenous peoples in Chile}}
[[File:Niña Mapuche Concepción Chile 1902 (2).jpg|thumb|1902 photograph of a [[Mapuche]] girl from [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]] in southern Chile]]
The 1907 census reported 101,118 Indians, or 3.1% of the total country population. Only those that practiced their native culture or spoke their native language were considered, irrespective of their "racial purity."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl//temas/documento_detalle.asp?id=MC0007943 |title=1907 census |publisher=Memoriachilena.cl |access-date=May 16, 2010}}</ref>

According to the 2002 census, only indigenous people that still practiced a native culture or spoke a native language were surveyed, and 4.6% of the population (692,192 people) fit that description. Of that 4.6%, 87.3% declared themselves Mapuche.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.cl/cd2002/sintesiscensal.pdf|title=Censo 2002 – Síntesis de Resultados|work=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas}}</ref> Most of the indigenous population show varying degrees of mixed ancestry.<ref name="medwave">{{cite web|url=http://www.medwave.cl/ciencia/11.act |title=El gradiente sociogenético chileno y sus implicaciones ético-sociales |publisher=Medwave.cl |date=June 15, 2000 |access-date=May 16, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818181825/http://www.medwave.cl/ciencia/11.act |archive-date=August 18, 2013 |df=mdy}}</ref>

Chile is one of the twenty-two countries to have signed and ratified the only binding [[international law]] concerning indigenous peoples, [[Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/ratifce.pl?C169 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091225170052/http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/ratifce.pl?C169 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 25, 2009 |title=ILOLEX: submits English query |publisher=Ilo.org |date=January 9, 2004 |access-date=May 16, 2010 }}</ref> It was adopted in 1989 as the [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO) Convention 169. Chile ratified the convention in 2008. In November 2009, a court decision in Chile, considered to be a landmark ruling in indigenous rights concerns, made use of the ILO convention 169. The Supreme Court decision on Aymara water rights upholds rulings by both the Pozo Almonte tribunal and the Iquique Court of Appeals, and marks the first judicial application of ILO Convention 169 in Chile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.santiagotimes.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17739:chiles-supreme-court-upholds-indigenous-water-use-rights&catid=19:other&Itemid=142 |title=Chile's Supreme Court Upholds Indigenous Water Use Rights |publisher=The Santiago Times |date=November 30, 2009 |access-date=March 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303200719/http://www.santiagotimes.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17739:chiles-supreme-court-upholds-indigenous-water-use-rights&catid=19:other&Itemid=142 |archive-date=March 3, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Chile administers [[Easter Island]] a territory 4,100&nbsp;km west of the mainland. The [[Rapa Nui]] people are native to the island and are [[Polynesians|Polynesian]] in origin. About 3,500 live on the island,<ref>[http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/proyecciones/MenPrincOK.xls Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Chile] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307050157/http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/proyecciones/MenPrincOK.xls |date=March 7, 2012 }}(INE).</ref> but around 10,000 came to the mainland in the 20th century.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Those belonging to recognised indigenous communities (2002)
|-
! Community !! Population !! Percentage
|-
|[[Alacalufe people|Alacaluf]]
|align="right"|2,622
|{{percentage bar|0.02}}
|-
|[[Mapuche]]
|align="right"|604,349
|{{percentage bar|4.00}}
|-
|[[Atacameño]]
|align="right"|21,015
|{{percentage bar|0.14}}
|-
|[[Quechuas|Quechua]]
|align="right"|6,175
|{{percentage bar|0.04}}
|-
|[[Aymara people|Aymara]]
|align="right"|48,501
|{{percentage bar|0.32}}
|-
|[[Rapanui]]
|align="right"|4,647
|{{percentage bar|0.03}}
|-
|[[Colla people|Colla]]
|align="right"|3,198
|{{percentage bar|0.02}}
|-
|[[Yaghan people|Yaghan]]
|align="right"|1,685
|{{percentage bar|0.01}}
|}