Editing DNA sequencer (section)

=== Oxford Nanopore ===
[[Oxford Nanopore Technologies]]' MinION sequencer is based on evolving [[nanopore sequencing]] technology to nucleic acid analyses.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tyler|first1=Andrea D.|last2=Mataseje|first2=Laura|last3=Urfano|first3=Chantel J.|last4=Schmidt|first4=Lisa|last5=Antonation|first5=Kym S.|last6=Mulvey|first6=Michael R.|last7=Corbett|first7=Cindi R.|date=2018-07-19|title=Evaluation of Oxford Nanopore's MinION Sequencing Device for Microbial Whole Genome Sequencing Applications|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|pages=10931|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-29334-5|pmid=30026559|pmc=6053456|bibcode=2018NatSR...810931T|issn=2045-2322}}</ref> The device is four inches long and gets power from a [[USB port]]. MinION decodes DNA directly as the molecule is drawn at the rate of 450 bases/second through a [[nanopore]] suspended in a membrane.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jain|first1=Miten|last2=Koren|first2=Sergey|last3=Miga|first3=Karen H.|author-link3=Karen Miga|last4=Quick|first4=Josh|last5=Rand|first5=Arthur C.|last6=Sasani|first6=Thomas A.|last7=Tyson|first7=John R.|last8=Beggs|first8=Andrew D.|last9=Dilthey|first9=Alexander T.|last10=Fiddes|first10=Ian T.|last11=Malla|first11=Sunir|date=29 January 2018|title=Nanopore sequencing and assembly of a human genome with ultra-long reads|journal=Nature Biotechnology|language=en|volume=36|issue=4|pages=338–345|doi=10.1038/nbt.4060|pmid=29431738|pmc=5889714|issn=1546-1696}}</ref> Changes in electric current indicate which base is present. Initially, the device was 60 to 85 percent accurate, compared with 99.9 percent in conventional machines.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MinION USB-sized DNA sequencer goes through real-world testing|url=https://www.engadget.com/2014-09-18-minion-usb-dna-sequencer-beta-test.html|access-date=2021-12-05|website=Engadget|date=19 September 2014 |language=en-US}}</ref> Even inaccurate results may prove useful because it produces long read lengths.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lu|first1=Hengyun|last2=Giordano|first2=Francesca|last3=Ning|first3=Zemin|date=2016-10-01|title=Oxford Nanopore MinION Sequencing and Genome Assembly|journal=Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics|series=SI: Big Data and Precision Medicine|language=en|volume=14|issue=5|pages=265–279|doi=10.1016/j.gpb.2016.05.004|pmid=27646134|pmc=5093776|issn=1672-0229}}</ref> In early 2021, researchers from [[University of British Columbia]] has used special molecular tags and able to reduce the five-to-15 per cent error rate of the device to less than 0.005 per cent even when sequencing many long stretches of DNA at a time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New method helps pocket-sized DNA sequencer achieve near-perfect accuracy|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/01/210112144811.htm|access-date=2021-12-05|website=ScienceDaily|language=en}}</ref> There are two more product iterations based on MinION; the first one is the GridION which is a slightly larger sequencer that processes up to five MinION flow cells at once. And, the second one is the PromethION which uses as many as 100,000 pores in parallel, more suitable for high volume sequencing.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.technologyreview.com/news/530746/radical-new-dna-sequencer-finally-gets-into-researchers-hands|title = Radical New DNA Sequencer Finally Gets into Researchers' Hands|last = Regalado|first = Antonio|date = September 17, 2014|work = Technology Review|access-date = October 3, 2014}}</ref>