Editing Creation science (section)

===Intelligent design splits off===
In 1984, ''The Mystery of Life's Origin'' was first published. It was co-authored by [[chemist]] and creationist [[Charles Thaxton|Charles B. Thaxton]] with [[Walter Bradley (engineer)|Walter L. Bradley]] and Roger L. Olsen, the foreword written by [[Dean H. Kenyon]], and sponsored by the Christian-based [[Foundation for Thought and Ethics]] (FTE). The work presented scientific arguments against current theories of [[abiogenesis]] and offered a hypothesis of [[special creation]] instead. While the focus of creation science had until that time centered primarily on the criticism of the fossil evidence for evolution and validation of the [[creation myth]] of the Bible, this new work posed the question whether science reveals that even the simplest living systems were far too complex to have developed by natural, unguided processes.<ref>{{harvnb|Numbers|2006|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ3TI5njXfIC&pg=PA178 178], [https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ3TI5njXfIC&pg=PA218 218], [https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ3TI5njXfIC&pg=PA373 373], [https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ3TI5njXfIC&pg=PA383 383]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Thomas |first=John A. |date=July–August 1990 |title=The Foundation for Thought and Ethics |url=http://ncse.com/ncser/10/4/foundation-thought-ethics |journal=NCSE Reports |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=18–19 |issn=1064-2358 |access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref>

Kenyon later co-wrote with creationist [[Percival Davis]] a book intended as a "scientific brief for creationism"<ref>{{harvnb|Numbers|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ3TI5njXfIC&pg=PA375 375]}}</ref> to use as a supplement to public high school biology textbooks. Thaxton was enlisted as the book's editor, and the book received publishing support from the FTE. Prior to its release, the 1987 Supreme Court ruling in ''Edwards v. Aguillard'' barred the teaching of creation science and creationism in public school classrooms. The book, originally titled ''Biology and Creation'' but renamed ''[[Of Pandas and People]]'', was released in 1989 and became the first published work to promote the [[anti-evolutionist]] design argument under the name intelligent design. The contents of the book later became a focus of evidence in the federal court case, ''Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District'', when a group of parents filed suit to halt the teaching of intelligent design in [[Dover, Pennsylvania]], public schools. School board officials there had attempted to include ''Of Pandas and People'' in their biology classrooms and testimony given during the trial revealed the book was originally written as a creationist text but following the adverse decision in the Supreme Court it underwent simple cosmetic editing to remove the explicit allusions to "creation" or "creator," and replace them instead with references to "design" or "designer."{{sfn|Numbers|2006|pp=375–376, 392–393}}

By the mid-1990s, intelligent design had become a separate movement.{{sfn|Numbers|2006|pp=381–382}} The creation science movement is distinguished from the intelligent design movement, or [[neo-creationism]], because most advocates of creation science accept scripture as a literal and inerrant historical account, and their primary goal is to corroborate the scriptural account through the use of science. In contrast, as a matter of principle, neo-creationism eschews references to scripture altogether in its [[polemic]]s and stated goals (see [[Wedge strategy]]). By so doing, intelligent design proponents have attempted to succeed where creation science has failed in securing a place in public school science curricula. Carefully avoiding any reference to the identity of the [[intelligent designer]] as God in their public arguments, intelligent design proponents sought to reintroduce the creationist ideas into science classrooms while sidestepping the First Amendment's prohibition against religious infringement.<ref name="Johnson-Touchstone">{{cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Phillip E. |author-link=Phillip E. Johnson |date=July–August 1999 |title=The Wedge: Breaking the Modernist Monopoly on Science |url=http://www.touchstonemag.com/archives/article.php?id=12-04-018-f |journal=[[Touchstone Magazine|Touchstone: A Journal of Mere Christianity]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |issn=0897-327X |access-date=2014-09-18 |quote=...the first thing that has to be done is to get the Bible out of the discussion. ...This is not to say that the biblical issues are unimportant; the point is rather that the time to address them will be after we have separated materialist prejudice from scientific fact.}}</ref><ref name="debate_won">{{cite web |url=http://www.coralridge.org/specialdocs/evolutiondebate.asp |title=How The Evolution Debate Can Be Won |last=Johnson |first=Phillip E. |website=Coral Ridge Ministries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107005414/http://www.coralridge.org/specialdocs/evolutiondebate.asp |location=Fort Lauderdale, FL |archive-date=2007-11-07 |access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> However, the intelligent design curriculum was struck down as a violation of the [[Establishment Clause]] in ''Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District'', the judge in the case ruled "that ID is nothing less than the progeny of creationism."<ref name="Kitzmiller_p31">{{cite court |litigants=Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District |vol=04 |reporter=cv |opinion=2688 |court=M.D. Pa. |date=December 20, 2005}} [[s:Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District/2:Context#Page 31 of 139|Context, p. 31]].</ref>

Today, creation science as an organized movement is primarily centered within the United States.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} Creation science organizations are also known in other countries, most notably [[Creation Ministries International]] which was founded (under the name Creation Science Foundation) in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |title=What we are - creation.com |url=https://creation.com/what-we-are |website=creation.com |access-date=4 October 2022 |language=en-gb}}</ref> Proponents are usually aligned with a Christian denomination, primarily with those characterized as evangelical, conservative, or fundamentalist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evangelicalism, Fundamentalism, and Pentecostalism |url=https://pluralism.org/fundamentalism-evangelicalism-and-pentecostalism |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=pluralism.org |language=en}}</ref> While creationist movements also exist in [[Islam]] and [[Judaism]], these movements do not use the phrase ''creation science'' to describe their beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Islamic Scientific Creationism {{!}} National Center for Science Education |url=https://ncse.ngo/islamic-scientific-creationism |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=ncse.ngo |language=en}}</ref>