Editing Covent Garden (section)

==Landmarks==

===Royal Opera House===
{{Main|Royal Opera House}}
[[File:Royal Opera House-Covent Garden-London crop.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|[[Edward Middleton Barry|Edward Barry's]] 1858 façade of the Royal Opera House]]

The Royal Opera House, known as "Covent Garden",<ref name=simply>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Y1_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 |page=46 |title=A Dictionary for the Modern Singer |author=Matthew Hoch |publisher=Scarecrow Press |date=28 Apr 2014 |isbn=9780810886568 |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103175430/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Y1_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 |url-status=live}}</ref> was constructed as the "Theatre Royal" in 1732 to a design by [[Edward Shepherd]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V2d12iZkgOwC&pg=PA407 |title=Merriam-Webster's collegiate encyclopedia |page=407 |publisher=Merriam-Webster |year=2000 |isbn=0-87779-017-5 |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729182149/https://books.google.com/books?id=V2d12iZkgOwC&pg=PA407 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the first hundred years or so of its history, the theatre was primarily a playhouse, with the [[Letters Patent]] granted by Charles II giving Covent Garden and Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, exclusive rights to present spoken drama in London. In 1734, the first ballet was presented; a year later [[Handel]]'s first season of operas began. Many of his operas and [[oratorio]]s were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premières here.<ref>{{cite book |author=Winton Dean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ekWgum0Vr0QC&pg=PA274 |title=Handel's operas, 1726–1741 |pages=274–285 |publisher=Boydell Press |year=2006 |isbn=1-84383-268-2 |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729220206/https://books.google.com/books?id=ekWgum0Vr0QC&pg=PA274 |url-status=live}}</ref> It has been the home of [[Royal Opera, London|The Royal Opera]] since 1945, and the [[Royal Ballet, London|Royal Ballet]] since 1946.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rohcollections.org.uk/CollectionPersDeValois.aspx |title=Ninette de Valois Bequest and Papers |publisher=Royal Opera House Collections Online |access-date=27 July 2010 |archive-date=7 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407002011/http://www.rohcollections.org.uk/CollectionPersDeValois.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref>

The current building is the third theatre on the site following destructive fires in 1808 and 1857. The façade, foyer and auditorium were designed by [[Edward Middleton Barry|Edward Barry]], and date from 1858, but almost every other element of the present complex dates from an extensive £178&nbsp;million reconstruction in the 1990s.<ref name=roh/> The main auditorium is a [[Listed building#Categories of listed building|Grade I listed building]]. The inclusion of the adjacent old Floral Hall, previously a part of the old Covent Garden Market, created a large new public gathering place.<ref name=roh>{{cite web |url=http://www.roh.org.uk/about/royal-opera-house/history |title=History |publisher=Royal Opera House |access-date=17 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407064033/http://www.roh.org.uk/about/royal-opera-house/history |archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref> In 1779 the pavement outside the playhouse was the scene of the murder of [[Martha Ray]], mistress of the [[John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich|Earl of Sandwich]], by her admirer the Rev. [[James Hackman]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author=Philip Rawlings |author-link1=Philip Rawlings |encyclopedia=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |title=Hackman, James (bap. 1752, d. 1779) |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Walter Thornbury |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45151 |title=Old and New London: Volume 3 |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |access-date=10 September 2010 |pages=255–269 |year=1878 |archive-date=25 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525194945/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45151 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Covent Garden Piazza===
[[File:Covent Garden Piazza with London Transport Museum - geograph.org.uk - 215169.jpg|thumb|Covent Garden Piazza]]

The central square in Covent Garden is simply called "Covent Garden", often marketed as "Covent Garden Piazza" to distinguish it from the eponymous surrounding area. Designed and laid out in 1630, it was the first modern square in London—originally a flat, open space or [[piazza]] with low railings.<ref name=4th>{{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=362 |title=Survey of London: volume 36: Covent Garden |author=F. H. W. Sheppard |year=1970 |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |access-date=27 July 2010 |archive-date=12 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712120032/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=362 |url-status=live}}</ref> From about 1635 onwards there were many [[List of private residents of Covent Garden|private residents of note]], including the nobility, living in the Great Piazza. A casual market started on the south side, and by 1830 the present market hall had been built. The space is popular with street performers, who audition with the site's owners for an allocated slot.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.coventgardenlondonuk.com/events-entertainment-culture/articles/street-performer-auditions |title=Street performer auditions |publisher=Covent Garden London Official Guide |access-date=1 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224083443/http://www.coventgardenlondonuk.com/events-entertainment-culture/articles/street-performer-auditions |archive-date=24 December 2010}}</ref> The square was originally laid out when the 4th Earl of Bedford, Francis Russell, commissioned Inigo Jones to design and build a church and three terraces of fine houses around the site of a former walled garden belonging to Westminster Abbey.<ref name=4th/> Jones's design was informed by his knowledge of modern town planning in Europe, particularly Piazza d'Arme, in [[Leghorn, Tuscany]], [[Piazza San Marco]] in Venice, [[Piazza Santissima Annunziata]] in Florence, and the [[Place des Vosges]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46091 |title=Survey of London: volume 36: Covent Garden |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |access-date=28 July 2010 |author=F. H. W. Sheppard |year=1970 |pages=64–76 |archive-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805130851/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46091 |url-status=live}}</ref> The centrepiece of the project was the large square, the concept of which was new to London, and this had a significant influence on modern town planning as the metropolis grew,<ref name=4th/> acting as the prototype for the design of new estates, such as the [[Ladbroke Estate]] and the [[Grosvenor Estate]].<ref name=INF>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/house-and-home/property/garden-party-491936.html |author=Nick Lloyd Jones |title=Garden party |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=27 July 2010 |date=25 May 2005 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103175432/https://www.independent.co.uk/property/house-and-home/garden-party-491936.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Isaac de Caus]], the [[French Huguenot]] architect, designed the individual houses under Jones's overall design.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXUe0vcVIM0C&pg=PA202 |title=Inigo Jones and the Classical Tradition |page=204 |author=Christy Anderson |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-521-82027-1}}</ref>

The church of [[St Paul's, Covent Garden|St Paul's]] was the first building and was begun in July 1631 on the western side of the square. The last house was completed in 1637.<ref name=Piazza>{{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46092 |title=Survey of London: volume 36: Covent Garden |author=F. H. W. Sheppard |year=1970 |pages=77–80 |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |access-date=28 July 2010 |archive-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805130835/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46092 |url-status=live}}</ref> Seventeen of the houses had [[Arcade (architecture)|arcaded]] [[portico]] walks organised in groups of four and six either side of James Street on the north side, and three and four either side of Russell Street. These arcades, rather than the square itself, took the name Piazza;<ref name=Hibbert/> the group from James Street to Russell Street became known as the "Great Piazza" and that to the south of Russell Street as the "Little Piazza".<ref name=Piazza/> None of Inigo Jones's houses remains, though part of the north group was reconstructed in 1877–79 as Bedford Chambers by [[William Cubitt (politician)|William Cubitt]] to a design by [[Henry Clutton]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Proposed Development at Bedford Chambers and No. 1 and Nos. 6–7 (inclusive) The Piazza |url=http://pdf.ifoman.com.s3.amazonaws.com/coventgarden_0809_design-access_statement.pdf |publisher=City of Westminster |access-date=7 May 2011 |date=2 July 2008 |page=7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707123924/http://pdf.ifoman.com.s3.amazonaws.com/coventgarden_0809_design-access_statement.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2011}}</ref>

===Covent Garden market===

[[File:Nebot covent garden market clean.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Balthazar Nebot]]'s 1737 painting of the square before the 1830 market hall was constructed<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/exhibitions/hogarth/rooms/room5.shtm |title=Room Guide – Room 5: Street Life |publisher=Tate Britain |access-date=28 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209045218/http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/exhibitions/hogarth/rooms/room5.shtm |archive-date=9 February 2011}}</ref>]]

The first record of a "new market in Covent Garden" is in 1654 when market traders set up stalls against the garden wall of Bedford House.<ref name=market>{{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46106 |title=Survey of London: volume 36: Covent Garden |author=F. H. W. Sheppard |year=1970 |pages=129–150 |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |access-date=27 July 2010 |archive-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805131619/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46106 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Earl of Bedford acquired a private charter from [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] in 1670 for a fruit and vegetable market, permitting him and his heirs to hold a market every day except Sundays and Christmas Day.<ref>{{cite book |author-link2=Peter Ackroyd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktSeoUGe_mgC&q=Covent+Garden:+The+Fruit,+Vegetable+and+Flower+Markets |title=Covent Garden: The Fruit, Vegetable and Flower Markets |page=7 |publisher=Frances Lincoln Publishers |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-7112-2860-3 |author1=Clive Boursnell |author2=Peter Ackroyd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705101556/http://books.google.com/books?id=ktSeoUGe_mgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Covent+Garden%3A+The+Fruit%2C+Vegetable+and+Flower+Markets |archive-date=5 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Robert Thorne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezBNAAAAYAAJ&q=1670 |title=Covent Garden Market: Its History and Restoration |page=9 |publisher=Architectural Press |year=1980 |isbn=0-85139-098-6 |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103175500/https://books.google.com/books?id=ezBNAAAAYAAJ&q=1670 |url-status=live}}</ref> The original market, consisting of wooden stalls and sheds, became disorganised and disorderly, and [[John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford]], requested an act of Parliament{{which|date=January 2024}} in 1813 to regulate it, then commissioned Charles Fowler in 1830 to design the neo-classical market building that is the heart of Covent Garden today.<ref name=SocialHistory/> The "greater part of the pillars" were built from granite quarried from Cairngall in today's [[Aberdeenshire]].<ref name="McKean">{{cite book |last1=McKean |first1=Charles |title=Banff & Buchan: An Illustrated Architectural Guide |date=1990 |publisher=Mainstream Publications Ltd. |isbn=185158-231-2 |page=163}}</ref> The contractor was [[William Cubitt (politician)|William Cubitt and Company]].<ref name=market/> Further buildings were added—the Floral hall, Charter Market, and in 1904 the Jubilee Market for foreign flowers was built by Cubitt and Howard.<ref>{{cite book |title=[[The London Encyclopaedia]] |pages=214–215 |publisher=Pan Macmillan |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4050-4924-5 |author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |author-link1=Christopher Hibbert |author-link2 = Ben Weinreb}}</ref>

[[File:Old-Covent-Garden-Market,-1825.jpg |upright=1.35|thumb|[[George Johann Scharf]]'s illustration of the market before Fowler's hall was built in 1830]]

By the end of the 1960s, traffic congestion was causing problems for the market, which required increasingly large lorries for deliveries and distribution. The redevelopment was considered, but protests from the Covent Garden Community Association in 1973 prompted the Home Secretary, [[Robert Carr]], to give dozens of buildings around the square listed-building status, preventing redevelopment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/X20L/Themes/1337/1120/ |title=Covent Garden |publisher=Museum of London |access-date=2 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516013026/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/X20L/Themes/1337/1120/ |archive-date=16 May 2008}}</ref> The following year the market relocated to its new site, New Covent Garden Market, about three miles (5&nbsp;km) south-west at [[Nine Elms]]. The central building re-opened as a shopping centre in 1980, with cafes, pubs, small shops and a craft market called the Apple Market.<ref>{{cite book |page=214 |title=[[The London Encyclopaedia]] |publisher=Pan Macmillan |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4050-4924-5 |author1=Christopher Hibbert |author2=Ben Weinreb |author-link1= Christopher Hibbert |author-link2 = Ben Weinreb}}</ref> Among the first shops to relocate here was [[Benjamin Pollock's Toy Shop]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=https://www.pollocks-coventgarden.co.uk/about-us/ |access-date=2021-01-03 |website=Benjamin Pollock's Toyshop |language=en-GB}}</ref> Another market, the Jubilee Market, is held in the Jubilee Hall on the south side of the square.<ref>{{cite book |author=Suzy Gershman |author-link=Suzy Gershman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ICxQVu9WxQC&pg=PA238 |title=Suzy Gershman's Born to Shop London: The Ultimate Guide for People Who Love to Shop |publisher=Frommer's |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-470-14665-1 |page=238 |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729181449/https://books.google.com/books?id=9ICxQVu9WxQC&pg=PA238 |url-status=live}}</ref> The market halls and several other buildings in Covent Garden have been owned by the property company [[Capital & Counties Properties]] (CapCo) since 2006.<ref name="propertyweek"/> In 1980 the [[London Transport Museum]] opened in part of the old flower market buildings, and these were refurbished in around 2005 to re-open in 2007.<ref name=ltmbh>{{cite web|url=http://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/aboutus/135.aspx|title=Brief history of the Museum|publisher=London Transport Museum|access-date=2007-12-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211224032/http://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/aboutus/135.aspx|archive-date=11 December 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Theatre Royal, Drury Lane===
{{Main|Theatre Royal, Drury Lane}}
[[File:Drury Lane Theatre - August 1808.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Interior of the Drury Lane Theatre by [[Augustus Charles Pugin|Pugin]] and [[Thomas Rowlandson|Rowlandson]], 1808]]

The current Theatre Royal on Drury Lane is the most recent of four incarnations, the first of which opened in 1663, making it the oldest continuously used theatre in London.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.victorianweb.org/mt/theaters/pva234.html |title=Theatres in Victorian London |publisher=Victorian Web |date=9 May 2007 |access-date=20 March 2010 |archive-date=15 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415043316/http://www.victorianweb.org/mt/theaters/pva234.html |url-status=live}}</ref> For much of its first two centuries, it was, along with the Royal Opera House, a [[patent theatre]] granted rights in London for the production of drama, and had a claim to be one of London's leading theatres.<ref>{{cite book |author=Martin Banham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_MxJbvpz_rwC&pg=PA309 |title=The Cambridge Guide to Theatre |page=309 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=0-521-43437-8 |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729182040/https://books.google.com/books?id=_MxJbvpz_rwC&pg=PA309 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first theatre, known as "Theatre Royal, Bridges Street", saw performances by [[Nell Gwyn]] and [[Charles Hart (17th-century actor)|Charles Hart]]. After it was destroyed by fire in 1672, English dramatist and theatre manager [[Thomas Killigrew]] constructed a larger theatre on the same spot, which opened in 1674.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bcN_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA357 |page=357 |title=The Annals of English Drama 975–1700 |author=Sylvia Stoler Wagonheim |publisher=Routledge |date=21 August 2013 |isbn=978-1-134-67641-5 |access-date=26 August 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729180910/https://books.google.com/books?id=bcN_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA357 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cS6JV4Z27DoC&pg=PA235 |page=235 |title=The Making of Theatre History |author=Paul Kuritz |date=1988 |publisher=Paul Kuritz |isbn=978-0-13-547861-5 |access-date=26 August 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729180733/https://books.google.com/books?id=cS6JV4Z27DoC&pg=PA235 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJ0qDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |author=Robert D. Hume |chapter=Theatre History 1660–1800: Aims, Materials, Methodology |title=Players, Playwrights, Playhouses: Investigating Performance, 1660–1800 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |date=2007 |page=23 |isbn=978-0-230-28719-8 |access-date=26 August 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729182117/https://books.google.com/books?id=MJ0qDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |url-status=live}}</ref> Killigrew's theatre lasted nearly 120 years, under leadership including [[Colley Cibber]], [[David Garrick]], and [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]]. In 1791, under Sheridan's management, the building was demolished to make way for a larger theatre which opened in 1794. However, that survived only 15 years, burning down in 1809. The building that stands today opened in 1812.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_MxJbvpz_rwC&pg=PA309 |author=Martin Banham |title=The Cambridge Guide to Theatre |page=310 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=0-521-43437-8 |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729182040/https://books.google.com/books?id=_MxJbvpz_rwC&pg=PA309 |url-status=live}}</ref> It has been home to actors as diverse as Shakespearean actor [[Edmund Kean]], child actress [[Clara Fisher]], comedian [[Dan Leno]], the comedy troupe [[Monty Python]] (who recorded a concert album there), and musical composer and performer [[Ivor Novello]]. Since November 2008 the theatre has been owned by composer [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]] and generally stages popular musical theatre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/DruryLane.htm |title=The Theatre Royal Drury Lane |publisher=The Music Hall and Theatre History Site |access-date=27 July 2010 |archive-date=15 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615010059/http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/DruryLane.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> It is a Grade I listed building.<ref>{{cite book |author=Mike Kilburn, Alberto Arzoz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hR2zTYj7vqMC&pg=PA41 |title=London's Theatres |page=41 |publisher=New Holland Publishers |year=2002 |isbn=1-84330-069-9 |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113044348/https://books.google.com/books?id=hR2zTYj7vqMC&pg=PA41 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===London Transport Museum===
{{Main|London Transport Museum}}
The London Transport Museum is in a [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] iron and glass building on the east side of the market square. It was designed as a dedicated flower market by William Rogers of [[Holland, Hannen & Cubitts|William Cubitt and Company]] in 1871,<ref name=market/> and was first occupied by the museum in 1980. Previously the transport collection had been held at [[Syon Park]] and [[Clapham]]. The first parts of the collection were brought together at the beginning of the 20th century by the [[London General Omnibus Company]] (LGOC) when it began to preserve buses being retired from service. After the LGOC was taken over by the [[London Electric Railway]] (LER), the collection was expanded to include rail vehicles. It continued to expand after the LER became part of the [[London Passenger Transport Board]] in the 1930s and as the organisation passed through various successor bodies up to [[Transport for London|TfL]], London's transport authority since 2000.<ref name=ltmbhb>{{cite web |url=http://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/about-us/a-brief-history |title=About Us |publisher=London Transport Museum |access-date=2 May 2011 |archive-date=29 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529131702/http://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/about-us/a-brief-history |url-status=live}}</ref> The Covent Garden building has on display many examples of buses, trams, [[trolleybus]]es and rail vehicles from the 19th and 20th centuries as well as artefacts and exhibits related to the operation and marketing of passenger services and the impact that the developing transport network has had on the city and its population.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/28.aspx |title=Collections |publisher=London Transport Museum |access-date=26 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006011924/http://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/28.aspx |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>

===St Paul's Church===
{{Main|St Paul's, Covent Garden}}
St Paul's, commonly known as the Actors' Church,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actorschurch.org/ |title=Welcome to St. Paul's Church website |publisher=The Actor's Church |access-date=26 July 2010 |archive-date=18 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518185718/http://www.actorschurch.org/ |url-status=live}}</ref> was built in 1633, at a cost of £4,000, though was not consecrated until 1638. In 1645 Covent Garden was made a separate parish and the church was dedicated to [[St Paul]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46105 |title=Survey of London: volume 36: Covent Garden |author=F. H. W. Sheppard |year=1970 |pages=98–128 |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |access-date=26 July 2010 |archive-date=4 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604092333/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=46105 |url-status=live}}</ref> How much of Jones's original building is left is unclear, as the church was damaged by fire in 1795 during restoration work by [[Thomas Hardwick]]; the columns are thought to be original but the rest is mostly Georgian or Victorian reconstruction.<ref name=Summerson2>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cM1PAAAAMAAJ&q=Victorian+reconstruction |title=Inigo Jones |page=95 |author=John Summerson |publisher=Penguin |year=1966 |isbn=9780140208399 |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103175432/https://books.google.com/books?id=cM1PAAAAMAAJ&q=Victorian+reconstruction |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Bow Street Magistrates' Court building===
{{Main|Bow Street Magistrates' Court|Bow Street Police Museum}}
[[File:Former Magistrates Court, Bow Street (geograph 5360286).jpg|thumb|Magistrates Court building in 2013]]

The building, opposite the [[Royal Opera House]], was opened in 1881 to house both a [[Magistrates' court (England and Wales)|Magistrates' Court]] and a [[Bow Street Police Station|police station]]. As well as dealing with local petty criminals, a number of high-profile defendants appeared in the court, including [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Hawley Harvey Crippen|Dr Crippen]] and the [[Kray twins]], and those facing [[extradition]] proceedings, such as [[Augusto Pinochet]] and [[James Earl Ray]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=27 May 2021 |title=Not like I remember it': Bow Street police station reopens as museum |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/may/27/bow-street-police-station-reopens-museum-london |access-date=15 June 2021 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

The police station closed in 1992, with its work moving to the more modern Charing Cross police station.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-55347268 |title=London's Bow Street Police Station to be turned into museum |date=18 December 2020 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> The court building's [[listed building|Grade II listed]] status meant it was not economic to update it to modern standards and the court closed in July 2006.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Weinreb |first1=Ben |last2=Hibbert |first2=Christopher |last3=Keay |first3=Julia |last4=Keay |first4=John |title=The London Encyclopedia |page=86 |publisher=Pan MacMillan |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4050-4924-5}}</ref> Sold to developers, [[Planning permission in the United Kingdom|planning permission]] was obtained to convert the building into a hotel and museum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rise.eu.com/what-we-think/our-news/rise-build-the-bow-st-hotel |title=Appointment of construction manager for conversion of Bow Street Magistrates' Court into luxury Boutique Hotel |last=RISE Management |first=Consulting news |year=2015 |access-date=16 June 2021 |archive-date=6 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506220945/http://rise.eu.com/what-we-think/our-news/rise-build-the-bow-st-hotel |url-status=dead}} (Access date 15 June 2021)</ref> A 91-room hotel and a public restaurant, run by the New York based [[The NoMad|NoMad chain]], opened in May 2021, as did a [[Bow Street Police Museum|museum of local police history]] in the former police station.<ref>{{Cite news |last=O’Flaherty |first=Mark |date=28 May 2021 |title=London's most famous courtroom is now the capital's hottest hotel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/news/londons-famous-courtroom-now-capitals-hottest-hotel/ |access-date=15 June 2021 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref>

===Freemasons' Hall===
{{Main|Freemasons' Hall, London}}
Freemasons' Hall is the headquarters of the [[United Grand Lodge of England]] and the [[Holy Royal Arch|Supreme Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of England]], as well as a meeting place for many [[Masonic Lodge]]s in the London area. It is in [[Great Queen Street]] between [[Holborn]] and Covent Garden and has been a Masonic meeting place since 1775.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ugle.org.uk/freemasons-hall/ |title=Freemasons' Hall |date=2017 |publisher=United Grand Lodge of England |access-date=12 March 2017 |location=Covent Garden, England |archive-date=22 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822092704/http://www.ugle.org.uk/freemasons-hall |url-status=live}}</ref> Parts of the building are open to the public daily, and its preserved classic [[Art Deco]] style, together with its regular use as a film and television location, have made it a tourist destination.