Editing Cotton gin (section)

===McCarthy's gin===
While Whitney's gin facilitated the cleaning of seeds from short-staple cotton, it damaged the fibers of extra-long staple cotton (''[[Gossypium barbadense]]''). In 1840 Fones McCarthy received a patent for a "Smooth Cylinder Cotton-gin", a roller gin. McCarthy's gin was marketed for use with both short-staple and extra-long staple cotton but was particularly useful for processing long-staple cotton. After McCarthy's patent expired in 1861, McCarthy type gins were manufactured in Britain and sold around the world.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lakwete|first1=Angela|title=Fones McCarthy|url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1028|website=Encyclopedia of Alabama|publisher=Auburn University|access-date=13 October 2017}}</ref> McCarthy's gin was adopted for cleaning the Sea Island variety of extra-long staple cotton grown in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. It cleaned cotton several times faster than the older gins, and, when powered by one horse, produced 150 to 200 pounds of lint a day.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shofner|first1=Jerrel H.|last2=Rogers|first2=William Warren|title=Sea Island Cotton in Ante-Bellum Florida|journal=The Florida Historical Quarterly|date=April 1962|volume=40|issue=4|pages=378–79}}</ref> The McCarthy gin used a reciprocating knife to detach seed from the lint. Vibration caused by the reciprocating motion limited the speed at which the gin could operate. In the middle of the 20th Century gins using a rotating blade replaced ones using a reciprocating blade. These descendants of the McCarthy gin are the only gins now used for extra-long staple cotton in the United States.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gillum|first1=Marvis M.|last2=Van Doorn|first2=D. W.|last3=Norman|first3=B.M.|last4=Owen|first4=Charles|editor1-last=Anthony|editor1-first=Stanley W.|editor2-last=Mayfield|editor2-first=William D.|title=Cotton Ginner's Handbook|date=1994|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture|page=244|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxSI5iP_f5AC&q=mccarthy+cotton+gin&pg=PA244|access-date=13 October 2017|chapter=Roller Ginning|isbn=9780788124204}}</ref>