Editing Cosworth (section)

===The BDA series===
[[File:Chevron B19.jpg|thumb|right|Aluminium block 2L BDG on [[Chevron Cars Ltd|Chevron B19]]]]

Cosworth solidified its association with Ford in 1969, by developing a [[double overhead camshaft]] (DOHC) 16-valve [[Straight-four engine|inline four-cylinder]] engine for road use in the [[Ford Escort (European)|Ford Escort]]. As Keith Duckworth was busy designing and developing the DFV, the project was assigned to Mike Hall, who created the 1601&nbsp;cc '''BDA''' on the [[Ford Kent engine]] block for [[homologation]] purposes. The camshafts were driven by a [[timing belt (camshaft)|toothed belt]] developed for [[Fiat 124]], hence the name BDA, literally meaning "'''B'''elt '''D'''rive, '''A''' type". It was designed for FIA Group 2 and Group 4 on either [[rallying]] or [[touring car racing]] purpose. The nominal homologation at 1601&nbsp;cc capacity meant that BDA-engined cars competed in what was usually the top class (1600&nbsp;cc and up) so were eligible for overall victories rather than class wins.

In 1970, the 1701&nbsp;cc '''BDB''' was created for the [[Ford Escort (Europe)|Escort RS1600]], and this engine received [[fuel injection]] for the first time in the series as 1701&nbsp;cc '''BDC'''. Two years later, the BDA series was adopted for [[Formula 2]]; first came the 1790&nbsp;cc '''BDE''', then the 1927&nbsp;cc '''BDF''' eventually reaching a maximum of 1975&nbsp;cc '''BDG''' in 1973. As the bore size reached ever closer to the bore centre distance, leaving little space in between cylinders, all three types had brazed-in cylinder liners to the block. As a departure from the Ford iron block, the BDG received a new aluminium block (originally designed by [[Brian Hart]] in 1971 and re-engineered by Cosworth<ref>{{cite book | first = Graham | last = Robson | year =2017 | title = Cosworth – The Search for Power | publisher = Veloce Publishing Ltd | page = 67 | isbn = 978-1845848958| edition = 6th }}</ref>) soon after, and this cylinder block was used as a replacement part in rebuilding many other BD series engines as well as some [[#Early types|Mk.XIII]] engines.

The iron block was also used for smaller displacements; starting with the very successful 1599&nbsp;cc [[Formula Atlantic]] '''BDD''' in 1970, followed by the 1098&nbsp;cc '''BDJ''' and 1300&nbsp;cc '''BDH''' variants for [[SCCA]] Formula C and sports car racing, respectively. There was even a one-off 785&nbsp;cc version built by Cosworth employees Paul Squires and Phil Kidsley; fitted with a [[Lysholm superchargers|Lysholm supercharger]] it was installed in a [[Brabham|Brabham BT28]] Formula 3 chassis and competed in the [[British Hill Climb Championship]] as the Brabham-Lysholm.<ref>{{cite book | first = Chris | last = Mason | year =1990 | title = Uphill Racers | publisher = Bookmarque Publishing | page = 448 | isbn = 978-1-870519-08-3}}</ref>

In 1970, Ford asked [[Weslake|Weslake and Co]] of [[Rye, East Sussex]] to build the BDD for them, and by the end of 1970, the production line was installed at Rye and production was under way. These engines were often called the 'BDA', but were 1599&nbsp;cc BDDs eligible for under 1.6 Litre class.
The 1599&nbsp;cc BDD engine won a number of championships around the world in Formula Atlantic and Formula Pacific during the 1980s.

In 1975, 1599&nbsp;cc big valve '''BDM''' (225&nbsp;bhp) was developed with fuel injection for Formula Atlantic, and a 'sealed engine' version '''BDN''' (1599&nbsp;cc, 210&nbsp;bhp) followed in 1977 for Canadian Formula Atlantic series.

Largely known as 'Cosworth BDA' or 'Ford BDA', BDD and BDM were also very successful in [[Formula Pacific]] and [[Formula Mondial]] racing in Australia and New Zealand. In open wheel racing, Cosworth powered cars ([[Ralt RT4]] and [[Tiga Race Cars|Tiga]]'s) won [[Australian Drivers' Championship]] in 1982–1986 as well as winning the [[Australian Grand Prix]] in 1981–1984 (including wins by [[Alain Prost]] and [[Roberto Moreno]]) before the race became part of the Formula One World Championship in [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|1985]], and won the [[New Zealand Grand Prix]] each year from 1982 to 1988. BDD and BDM engines were also prominent in the [[Australian Sports Car Championship]] during the 1980s, winning the [[1987 Australian Sports Car Championship|1987 championship]].

[[File:Ford RS200 engine.jpg|thumb|left|220px|1803&nbsp;cc BDT on Ford RS200 with turbocharger and wastegate valve more visible than the engine]]
The turbo charged 1778&nbsp;cc '''BDT''' was created in 1981, which powered the never-raced RWD Escort RS1700T. In 1984, 4WD [[Ford RS200]] debuted with a 1803&nbsp;cc version of BDT, which was created for [[Group B]] rallying. Between 1984 and 1986 the BDT engine was used in Group C endurance racing by Roy Baker, in class C2 using the Tiga GC284, GC285 and GC286. Later in 1986, a 2137&nbsp;cc version was created by [[Brian Hart]] using a bespoke aluminium block and a large [[intercooler]] for RS200 Evolution, just as Group B was cancelled by the FIA. This '''BDT-E''' ('E' for Evolution) produced over {{convert|600|bhp|kW PS|0|lk=in|abbr=on}} in Group B '[[rallycross]]' boost level, normally producing {{convert|530–550|bhp|kW PS|0|lk=in|abbr=on}} on a lower but sustainable boost.

In 1983, the BD series saw its second road engine incarnation (the first being the original BDA and BDB), the '''BDR''', which was a BDA or BDB sold in kit form for the [[Caterham Cars|Caterham Super Seven]] in 1601&nbsp;cc (120&nbsp;bhp) and in 1701&nbsp;cc (130&nbsp;bhp) formats.

The [[Hart Racing Engines|Hart]] [[Hart 415T engine|415T]] and the [[Zakspeed]] [[Zakspeed 1500/4|1500/4]] F1 engines owe much to the BDA series, being essentially an aluminium-block derivative using similar heads.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://historicmotorsportcentral.com/2014/04/16/the-cosworth-bd-engine/ | title=#Tech – the Cosworth BD engine | date=16 April 2014 }}</ref>

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