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===Speech disorders=== * [[cluttering]] - a syndrome characterized by a speech delivery rate which is either abnormally fast, irregular, or both.<ref>{{Cite web| first1=Kenneth O.| last1=Louis| first2=Lawrence J.| last2=Raphael| first3=Florence L.| last3=Myers| first4=Klaas| last4=Bakker| title=Cluttering Updated| url=http://www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2003/031118/f031118a.htm| archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718180144/http://www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2003/031118/f031118a.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=2012-07-18| work=ASHA Leader| publisher=American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)| date=2013| access-date=8 December 2013}} </ref> * [[dysarthria]] - a condition that occurs when problems with the muscles that helps a person to talk make it difficult to pronounce words.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Dysarthria | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004947/ | work=Impairment of speech; Slurred speech; Speech disorders - dysarthria| publisher =U.S. National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health | date = 2012 | access-date = 8 December 2013}}</ref> * [[esophageal voice]] - involves the patient injecting or swallowing air into the esophagus. Usually learnt and used by patients who cannot use their larynges to speak. Once the patient has forced the air into their esophagus, the air vibrates a muscle and creates esophageal voice. Esophageal voice tends to be difficult to learn and patients are often only able to talk in short phrases with a quiet voice. * [[lisp]] - a speech impairment that is also known as sigmatism. * [[speech sound disorder]] - Speech-sound disorders (SSD) involve impairments in speech-sound production and range from mild articulation issues involving a limited number of speech sounds to more severe phonologic disorders involving multiple errors in speech-sound production and reduced intelligibility.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sices L, Taylor HG, Freebairn L, Hansen A, Lewis B|title=Relationship between speech-sound disorders and early literacy skills in preschool-age children: impact of comorbid language impairment |journal=J Dev Behav Pediatr |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=438β47 |date=December 2007 |pmid=18091088 |pmc=2755217 |doi=10.1097/DBP.0b013e31811ff8ca}}</ref> * [[stuttering]] - a speech disorder in which sounds, syllables, or words are repeated or last longer than normal. These problems cause a break in the flow of speech (called disfluency).
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