Editing Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 (section)

=== Other observations ===
[[File:SL9ImpactGalileo.jpg|thumb|250px|A sequence of [[Galileo (spacecraft)|''Galileo'']] images, taken several seconds apart, showing the appearance of the [[Fireball (meteor)|fireball]] of fragment W on the dark side of Jupiter]]

Radio observations revealed a sharp increase in [[Black body|continuum]] emission at a wavelength of {{convert|21|cm|abbr=on}} after the largest impacts, which peaked at 120% of the normal emission from the planet.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=de Pater|first1=I|author-link=Imke de Pater|last2=Heiles|first2=C|last3=Wong|first3=M|last4=Maddalena|first4=R.|last5=Bird|first5=M.|last6=Funke|first6=O|last7=Neidhoefer|first7=J|last8=Price|first8=R.|last9=Kesteven|first9=M|last10=Calabretta|first10=M|last11=Klein|first11=M.|date=1995-06-30|title=Outburst of Jupiter's synchrotron radiation after the impact of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.11536723|journal=Science|language=en|volume=268|issue=5219|pages=1879–1883|doi=10.1126/science.11536723|pmid=11536723|bibcode=1995Sci...268.1879D|issn=0036-8075}}</ref> This was thought to be due to [[synchrotron radiation]], caused by the injection of [[theory of relativity|relativistic]] [[electron]]s—electrons with velocities near the speed of light—into the Jovian [[magnetosphere]] by the impacts.<ref name="Olano">{{cite journal |last=Olano |first=C. A. |date=August 1999 |title= Jupiter's Synchrotron Emission Induced by the Collision of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 |journal=[[Astrophysics and Space Science]] |volume=266 |issue=3 |pages=347–369 |doi=10.1023/A:1002020013936 |bibcode = 1999Ap&SS.266..347O |s2cid=118876167 }}</ref>

About an hour after fragment K entered Jupiter, observers recorded [[Aurora (phenomenon)|auroral]] emission near the impact region, as well as at the [[antipodal point|antipode]] of the impact site with respect to Jupiter's strong [[magnetic field]]. The cause of these emissions was difficult to establish due to a lack of knowledge of Jupiter's internal [[magnetic field]] and of the geometry of the impact sites. One possible explanation was that upwardly accelerating [[shock wave]]s from the impact accelerated charged particles enough to cause auroral emission, a phenomenon more typically associated with fast-moving [[solar wind]] particles striking a planetary atmosphere near a [[Poles of astronomical bodies#Magnetic poles|magnetic pole]].<ref name="Bauske">{{cite journal |last1= Bauske |first1=Rainer |date=November 1999 |title=Analysis of Midlatitude Auroral Emissions Observed during the Impact of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with Jupiter |journal=[[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]] |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=106–115 |doi=10.1006/icar.1999.6198 |bibcode=1999Icar..142..106B|last2=Combi |first2=Michael R. |last3=Clarke |first3=John T. }}</ref>

Some astronomers had suggested that the impacts might have a noticeable effect on the [[Io (moon)#Interaction with Jupiter's magnetosphere|Io torus]], a [[torus]] of high-energy particles connecting Jupiter with the highly [[volcano|volcanic]] moon [[Io (moon)|Io]]. High resolution spectroscopic studies found that variations in the ion [[density]], [[rotational velocity]], and temperatures at the time of impact and afterwards were within the normal limits.<ref name="Brown">{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Michael E. |author-link=Michael E. Brown |year=1995 |title=Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9: No Effect on the Io Plasma Torus |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=1833–1835 |doi=10.1029/95GL00904 |last2=Moyer |first2=Elisabeth J. |last3=Bouchez |first3=Antonin H. |last4=Spinrad |first4=Hyron |bibcode=1995GeoRL..22.1833B|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/34616/1/95GL00904.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718234639/https://authors.library.caltech.edu/34616/1/95GL00904.pdf |archive-date=2018-07-18 |url-status=live }}</ref>

''[[Voyager 2]]'' failed to detect anything with calculations, showing that the fireballs were just below the craft's limit of detection; no abnormal levels of UV radiation or radio signals were registered after the blast.<ref name="williamsnasa" /><ref name=Ulivi449>{{cite book |last1=Ulivi |first1=Paolo |last2=Harland |first2= David M |date=2007 |title=Robotic Exploration of the Solar System Part I: The Golden Age 1957–1982  |publisher=Springer |page=449 |isbn=9780387493268 }}</ref> ''[[Ulysses (spacecraft)|Ulysses]]'' also failed to detect any abnormal radio frequencies.<ref name=williamsnasa />