Editing Closed-circuit television (section)

=== Traffic flow monitoring ===
{{Main|Traffic camera}}

Many cities and [[motorway]] networks have extensive traffic-monitoring systems. Many of these cameras however, are owned by private companies and transmit data to drivers' [[GPS]] systems.

[[Highways England]] has a publicly owned CCTV network of over 3000 pan–tilt–zoom cameras covering the British motorway and trunk road network. These cameras are primarily used to monitor traffic conditions and are not used as [[speed cameras]]. With the addition of fixed cameras for the [[active traffic management]] system, the number of cameras on the Highways England's CCTV network is likely to increase significantly over the next few years.<ref>Networx Security. "[https://www.networxsecurity.org/members-area/glossary/c/cctv.html Closed Circuit Television]." Retrieved 7 March 2019.</ref> The [[London congestion charge]] is enforced by cameras positioned at the boundaries of and inside the congestion charge zone, which automatically read the number plates of vehicles that enter the zone. If the driver does not pay the charge then a fine will be imposed.<ref>Kablenet, The Register. "[https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/06/06/congestion_charge_tags/ TfL hands out contracts for congestion charge tags]." 6 June 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2019.</ref> Similar systems are being developed as a means of locating cars reported stolen.<ref>Rowena Coetsee, Bay Area News Group. "[https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2017/08/11/new-surveillance-cameras-doing-their-job-antiochs-top-cop-says/ New surveillance cameras doing their job, Antioch's top cop says]." 11 August 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2019.</ref> Other surveillance cameras serve as [[traffic enforcement camera]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Volokh |first=Eugene |date=March 26, 2002 |title=Traffic Enforcement Cameras |url=https://www2.law.ucla.edu/volokh/cameras.htm |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>

In [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia, CCTV cameras are used for monitoring (and thus [[Crowd control|managing]]) the flow of crowds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2016/05/26/Saudi-Arabia-installs-new-security-cameras-in-Makkah|title=Saudi Arabia installs new security cameras in Makkah|date=26 May 2016|website=Al Arabiya English}}</ref> In the Philippines, [[San Antonio, Quezon City|barangay San Antonio]] used CCTV cameras and artificial intelligence software to detect the [[Social distancing|formation of crowds]] during an [[Disease outbreak|outbreak of a disease]]. Security personnel were sent whenever a crowd formed at a particular location in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2020 |title=AI-equipped CCTV cameras enable a barangay to monitor people out on the streets |url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/san-antonio-pasig-street-monitoring-system-a4354-20200327 |website=TopGear Philippines}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Pasig barangay turns to smart CCTV to enforce social distancing |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/731619/pasig-mayor-vico-sotto-turns-to-smart-cctv-to-enforce-social-distancing/story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107201859/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/731619/pasig-mayor-vico-sotto-turns-to-smart-cctv-to-enforce-social-distancing/story/ |archive-date=7 January 2022 |website=GMA News Online |location=Philippines}}</ref>