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Circadian rhythm
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===Butterflies and moths=== The navigation of the fall migration of the [[monarch butterfly|Eastern North American monarch butterfly]] (''Danaus plexippus'') to their overwintering grounds in central Mexico uses a time-compensated sun compass that depends upon a circadian clock in their antennae.<ref>{{primary source inline|date=November 2013}} {{cite journal | vauthors = Merlin C, Gegear RJ, Reppert SM | title = Antennal circadian clocks coordinate sun compass orientation in migratory monarch butterflies | journal = Science | volume = 325 | issue = 5948 | pages = 1700–1704 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19779201 | pmc = 2754321 | doi = 10.1126/science.1176221 | bibcode = 2009Sci...325.1700M }}</ref><ref>{{primary source inline|date=November 2013}} {{cite journal | vauthors = Kyriacou CP | title = Physiology. Unraveling traveling | journal = Science | volume = 325 | issue = 5948 | pages = 1629–1630 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19779177 | doi = 10.1126/science.1178935 | s2cid = 206522416 }}</ref> Circadian rhythm is also known to control mating behavioral in certain moth species such as ''[[Spodoptera littoralis]]'', where females produce specific [[pheromone]] that attracts and resets the male circadian rhythm to induce mating at night.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Silvegren G, Löfstedt C, Qi Rosén W | title = Circadian mating activity and effect of pheromone pre-exposure on pheromone response rhythms in the moth Spodoptera littoralis | journal = Journal of Insect Physiology | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 277–286 | date = March 2005 | pmid = 15749110 | doi = 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.11.013 | bibcode = 2005JInsP..51..277S }}</ref>
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