Editing Christian IV of Denmark (section)

===Visits to England===
His sister [[Anne of Denmark|Anne]] had married King [[James VI of Scotland]], who succeeded to the [[English throne]] in 1603. To foster friendly relations between the two kingdoms, Christian paid a state visit to England in 1606. The visit was generally judged to be a success, although the heavy drinking indulged in by English and Danes alike caused some unfavourable comments: both Christian and James had an ability to consume great amounts of alcohol, while remaining lucid, which most of their courtiers did not share. [[John Harington (writer)|Sir John Harington]] described an entertainment at [[Theobalds House|Theobalds]], a [[The Entertainment of the Kings of Great Britain and Denmark|masque of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba]], as a drunken fiasco, where most of the players simply fell over from the effects of too much wine.<ref>Martin Butler, ''The Stuart Court Masque and Political Culture'' (Cambridge, 2008), pp. 125–127.</ref> The royal party went to [[Upnor Castle]] and had dinner aboard the ''[[English ship Elizabeth Jonas (1559)|Elizabeth Jonas]]''. At Gravesend, when the royal party was on his ship the ''Admiral'', Christian IV provided a firework display built on a small ship or lighter, which brought tears to eyes of King James, although the effect was somewhat spoiled because the show was held in daylight.<ref>John Nichols, ''The Progresses, Processions, and Magnificent Festivities of King James the First'', vol. 2 (London, 1828), pp. 84, 89–90, 92–93.</ref> After an exchange of gifts Christian sailed home, escorted by [[Robert Mansell]] with the ''[[English ship Vanguard (1586)|Vanguard]]'' and the ''Moon''.<ref>John S. Brewer, ''Court of James the First'', vol. 2 (London, 1839), pp. 138–143: Thomas Birch, ''Court and Times of James the First'', vol. 1 (London, 1848), pp. 65–67.</ref>

Christian IV visited England again in August 1614, coming incognito to surprise his sister at [[Somerset House|Denmark House]],<ref>John S. Brewer, ''Court of James the First'', 2 (London, 1839), pp. 137–138.</ref> accompanied only by [[Andrew Sinclair (privy counsellor)|Andrew Sinclair]] and a page.<ref>''Original Letters Relating to the Ecclesiastical Affairs of Scotland'' vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1851), p. 355.</ref> Christian IV was recognised by the queen's dancing master [[Thomas Cardell]] and a French servant.<ref>J. S. Brewer, ''Court of King James'', 2 (London: Richard Bentley, 1839), 137.</ref> He had sailed with only three ships and captured some pirates during the voyage. More ships with his Danish courtiers arrived on 5 August.<ref>Allen Hinds, ''Calendar State Papers, Venice: 1613–1615'', vol. 13 (London, 1907), pp. 167 no. 348, 170 no. 355.</ref> The diplomatic purpose of the visit was kept secret. The Venetian ambassador [[Antonio Foscarini]] heard that Anne of Denmark had written to him about a dispute with King James. Foscarini described Christian as, "above the average in height, dressed in the French fashion. His nature is warlike".<ref>Allen Hinds, ''Calendar State Papers, Venice: 1613–1615'', vol. 13 (London, 1907), p. 171 no. 356.</ref>