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===Settlement pattern=== *The settlement was developed along a jetty and protected by [[Mazu]] temple, which was dedicated for the Goddess of Sea for safe sailing. Market place was open in front of [[Mazu]] temple, and [[shophouses]] were built along the street leading from west side of the [[Mazu]] temple. At the end of the street, [[Tudigong]] (Land God) temple was placed. As the settlement prospered as commercial town, [[Kuan Ti]] temple would be added for commercial success, especially by people from Hong Kong and Guangdong province. This core pattern was maintained even the settlement got expanded as a city, and forms historical urban center of the Southeast Asia.<ref>Hideo Izumida, Chinese Settlements and China-towns along Coastal Area of the South China Sea: Asian Urbanization Through Immigration and Colonization, 2006, {{ISBN|4-7615-2383-2}}(Japanese version), {{ISBN|978-89-5933-712-5}}(Korean version)</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> File:Hoian-settlement-pattern.jpg|Hoian Settlement Pattern, Vietnam, 1991 File:Pengchau-settlement-pattern.jpg|Pengchau Settlement Pattern, Hong Kong, 1991 File:Penang-Settlement-pattern.jpg|Chinese Settlement in Georgetown, Malaysia, 1991 File:Kucing-settlement-pattern.jpg|Chinese Settlement in Kuching, Malaysia, 1991 File:Kucing-Tinhua1991.jpg|Tin Hau (Goddess of Sea) Temple in Kuching, Malaysia, 1991 File:Kucing-Todigong1991.jpg|[[Tua Pek Kong Temple, Kuching|To Di Gong (Land God) Temple]] at Kuching, 1991 </gallery>
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