Editing Chile (section)

===21st century===
{{See also|2010 Chile earthquake|2019–20 Chilean protests}}
[[File:Izamiento de la Gran Bandera Nacional - Presidentes de Chile.jpg|thumb|left|The first five presidents of Chile since its [[Transition to democracy]] (1990–2022), celebrating the [[Bicentennial of Chile]]]]

In December 1993, Christian Democrat [[Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle]], the son of previous president Eduardo Frei Montalva, led the Concertación coalition to victory with an absolute majority of votes (58%).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-8257609.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526090105/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-8257609.html|archive-date=26 May 2008 |title=Chile elects new leader Late president's son wins big |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia.com |date=12 December 1993 |access-date=14 July 2013}}</ref> Frei Ruiz-Tagle was succeeded in 2000 by Socialist [[Ricardo Lagos]], who won the presidency in an unprecedented [[1999–2000 Chilean presidential election|runoff election]] against [[Joaquín Lavín]] of the rightist [[Alliance for Chile]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/01/17/chile.elex.01/ |title=Moderate socialist Lagos wins Chilean presidential election |work=CNN|date=16 January 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506162601/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/01/17/chile.elex.01/ |archive-date=6 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In January 2006, Chileans elected their first female president, [[Michelle Bachelet Jeria]], of the Socialist Party, defeating [[Sebastián Piñera]], of the [[National Renewal (Chile)|National Renewal]] party, extending the ''Concertación'' governance for another four years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna10819903|title=Chile elects first woman president|work=NBC News|date=12 January 2006|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109023348/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/10819903/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/11/AR2006031101381.html|title=Bachelet Sworn in As Chile's President|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Monte|last=Reel|date=12 March 2006|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-date=1 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701225835/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/11/AR2006031101381.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2010, Chileans [[2009–10 Chilean presidential election|elected]] [[Sebastián Piñera]] as the first rightist President in 20 years, defeating former President [[Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle]] of the ''Concertación'', for a four-year term succeeding Bachelet. Due to term limits, [[Sebastián Piñera]] did not stand for re-election in 2013, and his term expired in March 2014 resulting in [[Michelle Bachelet]] returning to office.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26528923 |title=Michelle Bachelet sworn in as Chile's president |work=BBC News |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312035407/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26528923 |archive-date=12 March 2014 }}</ref> Sebastián Piñera succeeded Bachelet again in 2018 as the [[President of Chile]] after winning the December 2017 presidential [[2017 Chilean general election|election]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42388019 |title=Chile election: Conservative Piñera elected president |work=BBC News |date=18 December 2017 |access-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218103345/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42388019 |archive-date=18 December 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/pinera-conservative-billionaire-sworn-president-chile-183054108.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAC6_pBevRC0GpV00u6W8P1NWhHqxCXKFRdRMnzk5fsa |title=Pinera, a conservative billionaire, is sworn in as president of Chile |work=Yahoo! News |agency=Agence France Presse |date=11 March 2018 |access-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801211945/https://www.yahoo.com/news/pinera-conservative-billionaire-sworn-president-chile-183054108.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAC6_pBevRC0GpV00u6W8P1NWhHqxCXKFRdRMnzk5fsa |archive-date=1 August 2021 }}</ref>

On 27 February 2010, Chile was struck by an 8.8 {{M|w|link=y}} [[2010 Chile earthquake|earthquake]], the fifth largest ever recorded at the time. More than 500 people died (most from the ensuing [[tsunami]]) and over a million people lost their homes. The earthquake was also followed by multiple aftershocks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australia-times.com.au/world/article.php?id=501|title=US ready to help Chile: Obama|work=The Australia Times|access-date=3 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427081917/http://www.australia-times.com.au/world/article.php?id=501|archive-date=27 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Initial damage estimates were in the range of US$15–30 billion, around 10% to 15% of Chile's real gross domestic product.<ref>[http://www.contractmagazine.com/contract/content_display/design/news/e3i128fcc3d3e64156a013dfae605b73a5b More Quakes Shake Chile's Infrastructure], Adam Figman, ''Contract'', 1 March 2010 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114030306/http://www.contractmagazine.com/contract/content_display/design/news/e3i128fcc3d3e64156a013dfae605b73a5b |date=14 November 2014 }}</ref>

Chile achieved global recognition for the successful [[2010 Copiapó mining accident|rescue of 33 trapped miners]] in 2010. On 5 August 2010, the access tunnel collapsed at the San José copper and gold mine in the [[Atacama Desert]] near [[Copiapó]] in northern Chile, trapping 33 men {{convert|700|m|sp=us}} below ground. A rescue effort organized by the Chilean government located the miners 17 days later. All 33 men were brought to the surface two months later on 13 October 2010 over a period of almost 24 hours, an effort that was carried on live television around the world.<ref name="usstatedep">{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1981.htm|title=Background Note: Chile|work=[[Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs]], [[United States Department of State]]|date=16 December 2011|access-date=19 March 2012|archive-date=21 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121153101/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1981.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Marcha_Mas_Grande_De_Chile_2019_Plaza_Baquedano_Drone.jpg|thumb|View of the [[2019–2022 Chilean protests]] towards [[Plaza Baquedano]], [[Santiago]]]]

From [[2019–20 Chilean protests|2019 to 2022]], Chile endured a series of nationwide protests in response to a rise in the [[Santiago Metro]]'s subway fare, the increased [[cost of living]], [[privatization]], and [[Economic inequality|inequality]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chile protests: More than one million bring Santiago to a halt|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-million-bring-santiago-halt-191025223542333.html|author=Naomi Larsson|website=Al Jazeera|date=26 October 2019|access-date=19 November 2019|archive-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026165551/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-million-bring-santiago-halt-191025223542333.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 November, most of the political parties represented in the National Congress signed an agreement to call a [[2020 Chilean national referendum|national referendum]] in April 2020 regarding the creation of a new Constitution, later postponed to October due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Chile|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |title=One month on: Protests in Chile persist despite gov't concessions |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/month-protests-chile-persist-gov-concessions-191118231609475.html |work=Al Jazeera |date=19 November 2019 |author=Sandra Cuffe |access-date=19 November 2019 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317120559/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/month-protests-chile-persist-gov-concessions-191118231609475.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 25 October 2020, Chileans voted 78.28 percent in favor of a new constitution, while 21.72 percent rejected the change; voter turnout was 51 percent. An [[2021 Chilean Constitutional Convention election|election]] for the members of the [[Constitutional Convention (Chile)|Constitutional Convention]] was held in Chile between 15 and 16 May 2021;<ref name="postpone">{{Cite web |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2021/04/06/presidente-pinera-promulga-reforma-que-posterga-elecciones-al-15-y-16-de-mayo/ |title=Presidente Piñera promulga reforma que posterga elecciones al 15 y 16 de mayo |date=6 April 2021 |website=El Mostrador |language=es |access-date=7 April 2021 |archive-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505183947/https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2021/04/06/presidente-pinera-promulga-reforma-que-posterga-elecciones-al-15-y-16-de-mayo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the results saw a complete rearrangement of the political system established since the end of [[Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)|Pinochet's dictatorship]] in 1990, with various independent and leftist candidates performing strongly relative to conventional center-right and center-left parties.

On 19 December 2021, a leftist candidate, the 35-year-old former student protest leader [[Gabriel Boric]], won Chile's presidential [[2021 Chilean general election|election]] to become the country's youngest leader.<ref>{{cite news |title=Leftist Gabriel Boric to become Chile's youngest ever president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-59715941 |work=BBC News |date=20 December 2021 |access-date=21 December 2021 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220000309/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-59715941 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 11 March 2022, Boric was sworn in as president to succeed outgoing President Sebastian Piñera.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gabriel Boric, 36, sworn in as president to herald new era for Chile |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/11/gabriel-boric-chile-president-new-era |work=The Guardian |date=11 March 2022 |language=en |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=12 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312233147/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/11/gabriel-boric-chile-president-new-era |url-status=live }}</ref> The majority of Boric's Cabinet—14 out of 24—are women, which is a first in the Western Hemisphere.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chile's president-elect names progressive, majority-women cabinet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/21/chile-gabriel-boric-cabinet-majority-women |work=The Guardian |date=21 January 2022 |language=en |access-date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125135734/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/21/chile-gabriel-boric-cabinet-majority-women |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 4 September 2022, voters rejected the new constitution proposal in the [[2022 Chilean constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]], which was put forward by the left-leaning [[Constitutional Convention (Chile)|Constitutional Convention]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chile constitution: Voters overwhelmingly reject radical change |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-62792025 |work=BBC News |date=5 September 2022 |access-date=14 September 2022 |archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905063525/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-62792025 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 17 December 2023, voters rejected a second new constitution proposal in a new [[2023 Chilean constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]], written by the conservative-led [[Constitutional Council (Chile)|Constitutional Council]].<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite web |last1=Villegas |first1=A. |title=Chileans reject conservative constitution to replace dictatorship-era text |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/chileans-head-polls-again-replace-dictatorship-era-constitution-2023-12-17/ |website=Reuters |access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2023 |title=Chilean voters reject conservative constitution, after defeating leftist charter last year |url=https://apnews.com/article/chile-new-constitution-referendum-f7be231ff564856f6a5e1b0c0ac12c57 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218053713/https://apnews.com/article/chile-new-constitution-referendum-f7be231ff564856f6a5e1b0c0ac12c57 |archive-date=18 December 2023 |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Chile rejects second attempt to renew constitution |url=https://www.dw.com/en/chile-rejects-second-attempt-to-renew-constitution/a-67749225 |access-date=19 December 2023 |website=dw.com |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218193156/https://www.dw.com/en/chile-rejects-second-attempt-to-renew-constitution/a-67749225 |url-status=live }}</ref>