Editing Chicano (section)

=== ''Mexican American'' ===
[[File:Mexican and negro cotton pickers inside plantation store, Knowlton Plantation, Perthshire, Miss. Delta. This transient labor is contracted for and brought in trucks from Texas each season. October 1939.jpg|left|thumb|181x181px|Mexican and Black [[cotton picker]]s inside a [[Company store|plantation store]] (1939). In the 1930s, the term ''Mexican American'' was promoted to attempt to define Mexicans "as a [[White Americans|white ethnic group]] that had little in common with [[African Americans]]."<ref name="Muñoz-2007" />]]
In the 1930s, "community leaders promoted the term ''Mexican American'' to convey an assimilationist ideology stressing white identity," as noted by legal scholar [[Ian Haney López]].<ref name="López-2009" /> Lisa Y. Ramos argues that "this phenomenon demonstrates why no Black-Brown civil rights effort emerged prior to the 1960s."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ramos|first=Lisa Y.|title=The Struggle in Black and Brown: African American and Mexican American Relations During the Civil Rights Era|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=2012|isbn=9780803262744|pages=19–20|chapter=Not Similar Enough: Mexican American and African American Civil Rights Struggles in the 1940s}}</ref> Chicano youth rejected the previous generation's racial aspirations to assimilate into [[Anglo-Americans|Anglo-American]] society and developed a "[[Pachuco]] culture that fashioned itself neither as Mexican nor American."<ref name="López-2009" />

In the Chicano Movement, possibilities for [[Black–brown unity]] arose: "Chicanos defined themselves as proud members of a brown race, thereby rejecting, not only the previous generation's assimilationist orientation, but their racial pretensions as well."<ref name="López-2009" /> Chicano leaders collaborated with [[Black Power movement]] leaders and activists.<ref name="Mantler-2013">{{Cite book|last=Mantler|first=Gordon K.|title=Power to the Poor: Black-Brown Coalition and the Fight for Economic Justice, 1960-1974|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=2013|isbn=9781469608068|pages=65–89}}</ref><ref name="MartinezHoSang-2013">{{Cite book|last=Martinez HoSang|first=Daniel|title=Black and Brown in Los Angeles: Beyond Conflict and Coalition|publisher=University of California Press|year=2013|pages=120–123|chapter=Changing Valence of White Racial Innocence}}</ref> ''Mexican Americans'' insisted that Mexicans were white, while ''Chicanos'' embraced being non-white and the development of ''brown pride''.<ref name="López-2009" />

''Mexican American'' continued to be used by a more assimilationist faction who wanted to define Mexican Americans "as a [[White Americans|white ethnic group]] that had little in common with [[African Americans]]."<ref name="Muñoz-2007" /> Carlos Muñoz argues that the desire to separate themselves from [[African-American culture|Blackness]] and political struggle was rooted in an attempt to minimize "the existence of [[racism]] toward their own people, [believing] they could "deflect" [[anti-Mexican sentiment]] in society" through affiliating with the [[Mainstream culture|mainstream]] American culture.<ref name="Muñoz-2007">{{Cite book|last=Muñoz|first=Carlos|title=Youth, Identity, Power: The Chicano Movement|publisher=Verso|year=2007|isbn=9781844671427|page=64|quote=They did not reject their Mexican origins, but, like the generation of the 1930s, emphasized the American part of their Mexican American identity... They promoted the image of Mexican Americans as a white ethnic group that had little in common with African Americans. They believed that by minimizing the existence of racism toward their people, they could 'deflect' anti-Mexican sentiment in society.}}</ref>