Editing Chagas disease (section)

===Complications===
In the chronic stage, treatment involves managing the clinical manifestations of the disease. The treatment of Chagas cardiomyopathy is similar to that of other forms of heart disease.<ref name="Molina2018"/> [[Beta blocker]]s and [[ACE inhibitor]]s may be prescribed, but some people with Chagas disease may not be able to take the standard dose of these drugs because they have [[low blood pressure]] or a [[low heart rate]].<ref name="Molina2018"/><ref name="Nunes2018"/> To manage irregular heartbeats, people may be prescribed [[anti-arrhythmic drug]]s such as [[amiodarone]], or have a [[pacemaker]] implanted.<ref name="Bern2015"/> [[Blood thinner]]s may be used to prevent [[thrombosis|thromboembolism]] and [[stroke]].<ref name="Nunes2018"/> Chronic heart disease caused by untreated ''T. cruzi''  infection is a common reason for [[heart transplantation]] surgery.<ref name="PD7"/> Because transplant recipients take [[immunosuppressive drug]]s to prevent [[organ rejection]], they are monitored using PCR to detect reactivation of the disease. People with Chagas disease who undergo heart transplantation have higher survival rates than the average heart transplant recipient.<ref name="Nunes2018"/>

Mild gastrointestinal disease may be treated symptomatically, such as by using [[laxative]]s for constipation or taking a [[prokinetic]] drug like [[metoclopramide]] before meals to relieve esophageal symptoms.<ref name="Bern2015"/><ref name="Oliveira2019"/> Surgery to sever the muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter ([[cardiomyotomy]]) may be performed in more severe cases of esophageal disease,<ref name="Oliveira2019">{{cite book|vauthors=de Oliveira EC, ((da Silveira ABM)), Luquetti AO|title=Chagas Disease |veditors=Marcelo Altcheh J, Freilij H|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WpyuDwAAQBAJ|series=Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases|date=9 September 2019|publisher=Springer Nature|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-030-00054-7|pages=243–62|chapter=Gastrointestinal Chagas Disease|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-00054-7_12|s2cid=203457516|issn=2504-3811}}</ref> and surgical removal of the affected part of the organ may be required for advanced megacolon and megaesophagus.<ref name="Bern2015"/><ref name="emed"/>