Editing Cepstrum (section)

==Applications==

The concept of the cepstrum has led to numerous applications:<ref name="Norton_2003" /><ref name="Childers_1977" />
* dealing with reflection inference (radar, sonar applications, earth seismology)
* estimation of speaker fundamental frequency (pitch)
* speech analysis and recognition
* medical applications in analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain waves
* machine vibration analysis based on harmonic patterns (gearbox faults, turbine blade failures, ...)<ref name="Norton_2003" /><ref name="Randall_2002">[https://www.bksv.com/media/doc/233-80.pdf R.B. Randall: Cepstrum Analysis and Gearbox Fault Diagnosis, Brüel&Kjaer Application Notes  233-80, Edition 2]. (PDF)</ref><ref name="Beckhoff">[https://infosys.beckhoff.com/english.php?content=../content/1033/tf3600_tc3_condition_monitoring/27021598926718347.html&id= Beckhoff information system: TF3600 TC3 Condition Monitoring: Gearbox monitoring (online, 4.4.2020)].</ref>

Recently, cepstrum-based deconvolution was used on surface electromyography signals, to remove the effect of the stochastic impulse train, which originates an [[Electromyography#Surface and intramuscular EMG recording electrodes|sEMG]] signal, from the power spectrum of the sEMG signal itself. In this way, only information about the motor unit action potential (MUAP) shape and amplitude was maintained, which was then used to estimate the parameters of a time-domain model of the MUAP itself.<ref>G. Biagetti, P. Crippa, S. Orcioni, and C. Turchetti, “Homomorphic deconvolution for muap estimation from surface emg signals,” IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 328– 338, March 2017.</ref>

A short-time cepstrum analysis was proposed by [[Manfred R. Schroeder|Schroeder]] and Noll in the 1960s for application to pitch determination of human speech.<ref name="schroeder64">
A. Michael Noll and [[Manfred R. Schroeder]], "Short-Time 'Cepstrum' Pitch Detection," (abstract) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 36, No. 5, p. 1030</ref><ref name="noll64">A. Michael Noll (1964), “Short-Time Spectrum and Cepstrum Techniques for Vocal-Pitch Detection”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 296–302.</ref><ref name="noll67">A. Michael Noll (1967), “Cepstrum Pitch Determination”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 293–309.</ref>