Editing Cephalic index (section)

===Brachycephalic animals===
[[Image:Panting Frenchie.jpg|thumb|Brachycephalic [[French Bulldog]], with visible indications of laboured breathing.]]
[[File:Brachycephalie.png|thumb|[[English Bulldog]]: Left: 1900–1920. Middle: Switzerland-Champion *1963 †1971. Right: Female *1985 †1993.]]
[[File:Boxer Dog Craniofacial Angle.jpg|thumb|Craniofacial angle of a [[German Boxer|Boxer]]]]

A brachycephalic skull is relatively broad and short (typically with the breadth at least 80% of the length). Dog breeds such as the [[pug]] are sometimes classified as "extreme brachycephalic".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/health/for-owners/brachycephalic-health/|title=Brachycephalic Health|website=www.thekennelclub.org.uk|access-date=2020-02-17}}</ref> Because of health issues brachycephaly is regarded in some countries as "qualzucht", which literally translates to "torture breeding"<ref>FOUR PAWS International: ''[https://www.four-paws.org/campaigns-topics/topics/companion-animals/breeding-of-dogs-with-genetic-disorders/the-suffering-of-dogs-with-genetic-disorders The suffering of dogs with genetic disorders]''</ref><ref>Anne Fawcett, [[Vanessa Barrs]], Magdoline Awad et al.: ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356869/ Consequences and Management of Canine Brachycephaly in Veterinary Practice: Perspectives from Australian Veterinarians and Veterinary Specialists]''</ref><ref>Border Wars: ''[http://www.border-wars.com/2011/07/torture-breeding.html Torture breeding]''</ref><ref>FECAVA: ''[https://www.fecava.org/policies-actions/healthy-breeding-3/ Brachycephalic issues: shared resources]''</ref> as it often leads to [[brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome]]. 

====List of brachycephalic dogs====
[[Image:Murlough Beach (05), February 2010.JPG|thumb|Breeds with less extreme brachycephalia, such as the [[Boxer (dog)|Boxer]], have less compromised thermoregulation and thus are more tolerant of vigorous exercise and heat.]]
<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowrey |first=Sassafras |date=June 10, 2022 |title=Brachycephalic Dog Breeds: A Guide to Flat-Faced Dogs |url=https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/brachycephalic-dog-breeds/ |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=American Kennel Club |language=en}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Affenpinscher]]
* [[American Bulldog]]
* [[American Bully]]
* [[Boston Terrier]]
* [[Boxer (dog)|Boxer]]
* [[Brussels Griffon]]
* [[Bulldog]]
* [[Bullmastiff]]
* [[Cane Corso]]
* [[Cavalier King Charles Spaniel]]
* Apple-headed [[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahua]]
* [[Chow Chow]]
* [[Dogo Argentino]]
* [[Dogue de Bordeaux]]
* [[English Mastiff]]
* [[English Bulldog]]
* [[Fila Brasileiro]]
* [[French Bulldog]]
* [[Japanese Chin ]]
* [[King Charles Spaniel]]
* [[Lhasa Apso]]
* [[Lowchen]]
* [[Neapolitan Mastiff]]
* [[Newfoundland (dog)|Newfoundland]]
* [[Olde English Bulldogge]]
* [[Pekingese]]
* [[Perro de Presa Canario]]
* [[Pit bull]]
* [[Pug]]
* [[Pyrenean Mastiff]]
* [[Shar-Pei]]
* [[Shih Tzu]]
* [[Tibetan Spaniel]]
* [[Tosa (dog)|Tosa]]
{{div col end}}

====List of brachycephalic cats====
[[File:Nipsu-Nappulan Non-Stop Exotic shorthair.JPG|thumb|An Exotic Shorthair]]
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brachycephalic Breeds of Cats {{!}} ASPCA Pet Health Insurance |url=https://www.aspcapetinsurance.com/resources/brachycephalic-cats/ |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=www.aspcapetinsurance.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Breathing Problems in Flat-faced Cat Breeds {{!}} Purina |url=https://www.purina-arabia.com/articles/cats/health/symptoms/flat-faced-cats |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=www.purina-arabia.com |language=en-AE}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[British Shorthair]]
* [[Burmese cat]]
* [[Exotic Shorthair]]
* [[Himalayan cat]]
* [[Persian cat]]
* [[Scottish Fold]]
* [[White tiger#Defects|White tiger]]
{{div col end}}
* [[Cheetah]]
* [[Leopard]]
* [[Jaguar]]
* [[Snow Leopard]]
* [[Mountain Lion]]

==== List of brachycephalic pigs====
<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Geiger M, Schoenebeck JJ, Schneider RA, Schmidt MJ, Fischer MS, Sánchez-Villagra MR | title = Exceptional Changes in Skeletal Anatomy under Domestication: The Case of Brachycephaly | journal = Integrative Organismal Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = obab023 | date = 2021-08-14 | pmid = 34409262 | pmc = 8366567 | doi = 10.1093/iob/obab023 }}</ref>
* [[Middle White]]
* Neijiang

==== List of brachycephalic rabbits ====
<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2017 |title=Brachy breeds – not just dogs! Rabbits too |url=https://rabbitwelfare.co.uk/brachy-breeds-not-just-dogs-rabbits-too/}}</ref>
* [[Lionhead rabbit]]
* [[Lop rabbit]]
* [[Netherland Dwarf rabbit]]
* [[Dwarf Papillon rabbit]]
* [[Dwarf Hotot rabbit]]
* [[Jersey Wooly rabbit]]
* [[American Fuzzylop rabbit]]

====Other====
* [[Elephant]]
* [[Giant panda]]
* [[Ross seal]]
* [[Spectacled bear]]
* [[Walrus]]
* [[Wombat]]
* [[Australian Lowline]]
* brachycephalic [[Arabian Horse]]
* [[Niata cattle]]
* [[Tortoise]]
* [[Raccoon dog]]
* [[European Bison]]
* [[Otter]]
* [[Sloth]]