Editing Catania (section)

===Roman rule===
[[File:Acquedotto romano Valcorrente2.jpg|thumb|250px|Roman Aqueduct at Valcorrente]]

During the [[First Punic War]], Catania was one of the first cities of Sicily to submit to the [[Roman Republic]] after their first successes in 263 BC when it was taken by [[Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla|Valerius Messalla]].<ref>Eutrop. ii. 19.</ref><ref>Pliny the Elder , Naturalis historia, vii. 60</ref> A sundial was part of the booty which was placed in the [[Comitium]] in Rome.<ref>Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia, VII 214</ref> Since then the city became a ''civitas decumana'' i.e. was subject to the payment of a tenth of its agricultural income as a tax to Rome. The conqueror of Syracuse, [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus]], built a gymnasium here.<ref>Plutarch, Life of Marcellus, 30</ref>

It appears to have continued afterwards to maintain its friendly relations with Rome and though it did not enjoy the advantages of a confederate city (''foederata civitas''), like its neighbours Tauromenium (modern [[Taormina]]) and Messana (modern [[Messina]]), it rose to a position of great prosperity under the Roman rule.

Around 135 BC during the [[First Servile War]], it was conquered by rebel slaves.<ref>Strabo, VI 2, 6</ref>

One of the most serious [[Volcanic eruption|eruptions]] of [[Mount Etna]] happened in 121 BC, when a great part of Catania was overwhelmed by streams of lava, and the hot ashes fell in such quantities in the city itself, as to break in the roofs of the houses. Catana was in consequence exempted, for 10 years, from its usual contributions to the Roman state.<ref>Oros. v. 13.</ref> The greater part of the broad tract of plain to the southwest of Catana (now called the ''[[Piana di Catania]]'', a district of great fertility), appears to have belonged, in [[Ancient history|ancient times]], to Leontini or Centuripa (modern [[Centuripe]]), but that portion of it between Catana itself and the mouth of the Symaethus was annexed to Catana and must have furnished abundant supplies of grain.

[[Cicero]] repeatedly mentions it as, in his time, a wealthy and flourishing city; it retained its ancient municipal institutions, its [[chief magistrate]] bearing the title of ''Proagorus''; and appears to have been one of the principal ports of Sicily for the export of corn.<ref>Cicero ''[[In Verrem]]'' iii. 4. 3, 83, iv. 23, 45; [[Livy]] xxvii. 8.</ref>

In the [[War between Sextus Pompey and the Second Triumvirate|Sicilian revolt]] from 44 BC [[Sextus Pompeius]] selected Sicily as his base and Catania gave in to Sextus' revolt and joined his forces. Sextus amassed a formidable army and a large fleet of warships at his base at [[Messana]], with many slaves joining from the villas of patricians. After the victory of Augustus in 36 BC much of the vast farmland in Sicily was either ruined or left empty, and much of this land was taken and distributed to members of the legions which had fought there. Catania suffered severely from the ravages but was afterwards one of the cities raised to the status of [[Colonia (Roman)|colony]] by Augustus which restored its prosperity through the settlement of veterans, so that in [[Strabo]]'s time it was one of the few cities in the island that was flourishing.<ref>Strabo vi. pp. 268, 270, 272; [[Dion Cassius]] iv. 7.</ref>

Another revolt led by the gladiator Selurus in 35 BC created mayhem for a while.<ref>Strabo 6.2.6</ref>

The Roman aqueduct of Catania was the longest in Roman Sicily at {{Convert|24|km|mi}}, starting from the springs of Santa Maria di Licodia.

It retained its colonial rank, as well as its prosperity, throughout the period of the [[Roman Empire]]; so that in the 4th century [[Ausonius]] in his ''[[Ordo urbium nobilium|Ordo Nobilium Urbium]]'', notices Catania and Syracuse alone among the cities of Sicily.<ref>Pliny iii. 8. s. 14; Ptol. iii. 4. § 9; Itin. Ant. pp. 87,90, 93, 94.</ref>