Editing Carrier battle group (section)

==Applications==
===China===
China plans to set up [[Chinese aircraft carrier programme|several carrier battle groups in the future]].  At present China's two aircraft carriers, the [[Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning|''Liaoning'']] and [[Chinese aircraft carrier Shandong|''Shandong'']], use [[Type 055]] destroyers for [[Anti-aircraft warfare|area air defence]] with [[anti-submarine warfare]], [[Type 052C]] or [[Type 052D]] destroyers for [[air defense]], [[Type 054A]] frigates for [[anti-submarine]] and [[anti-ship warfare]], 1–2 [[Type 093]] [[nuclear attack submarine]]s, and 1 [[Type 901 fast combat support ship|Type 901]] supply ship.  China is currently building a [[Type 003 aircraft carrier|third carrier]], as well as a [[Type 004 aircraft carrier|nuclear-powered fourth carrier]] planned for construction<ref name="NewsCorpAustralia">{{cite news|url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/military/heres-what-we-know-about-chinas-newest-aircraft-carriers/news-story/7460539e54fe026976276dd4cbfaa2e1|title=Here's what we know about China's newest aircraft carriers|last=Seidel|first=Jamie|date=23 April 2018|work=[[news.com.au]]|access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref> and expected to be completed by the late 2020s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globalriskinsights.com/2017/06/chinas-aircraft-carrier-naval-defence/|title=What China's Aircraft Carrier Means for its Naval Defence Capabilities|last=Tunningley|first=James|date=2 June 2017|work=[[globalriskinsights.com]]|access-date=5 January 2020|archive-date=12 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612213845/https://globalriskinsights.com/2017/06/chinas-aircraft-carrier-naval-defence/|url-status=dead}}</ref> China is also building a new larger class of air defense destroyers, the [[Type 055]].<ref name="janes_launch">{{cite web |last1=Rahmat |first1=Ridzwan |url=http://www.janes.com/article/71903/china-launches-largest-surface-combatant-to-date |title=China launches largest surface combatant to date |website=Janes |date=29 June 2017 |access-date=2 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701021523/http://www.janes.com/article/71903/china-launches-largest-surface-combatant-to-date |archive-date=1 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===France===
The only serving French carrier is the {{ship|French aircraft carrier|Charles de Gaulle|R91|2}}, which also serves as the flagship of the Marine Nationale. The carrier battle group of the [[Force d'Action Navale]] is known as the ''Groupe Aéronaval'' (GAN) and is usually composed, in addition to the aircraft carrier, of:
*a [[carrier air wing]] (Groupe Aérien Embarqué, GAE, in French), a complement composed of about 40 aircraft:
**[[Dassault Rafale|Rafale F3]] (up to 30)
**[[E-2 Hawkeye|E-2C Hawkeye]] (2)
**[[Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin|SA365 Dauphin]] (3) for RESCO and [[Eurocopter EC725|EC725 Caracal]] for CSAR (2)
*one {{sclass|Rubis|submarine}}
*two anti-submarine destroyers (currently [[FREMM multipurpose frigate|FREMM ASM]] or {{sclass|Georges Leygues|frigate|4}})
*one or two anti-air destroyers ({{sclass|Horizon|frigate|5}} or {{sclass|Cassard|frigate|4}})
*one stealth frigate in forward patrol (usually a {{sclass|La Fayette|frigate|4}})
*one supply ship (currently a {{sclass|Durance|tanker|2}})

This group is commanded by a rear admiral ([[Counter Admiral|contre-amiral]], in French) on board the aircraft carrier. The commanding officer of the air group (usually a {{lang|fr|capitaine de frégate}}—equivalent to commander) is subordinate to the commanding officer of the aircraft carrier, a senior captain. The escort destroyers (called frigates in the French denomination) are commanded by more junior captains.

France also operates three {{sclass|Mistral|amphibious assault ship|2}}<nowiki/>s. While incapable of operating fixed-winged aircraft, they function as helicopter carriers and form the backbone of France's amphibious force. These ships are typically escorted by the same escorts the ''Charles De Gaulle'' uses.

===India===
[[File:Twin carrier Demonstration by Indian Navy.jpg|thumb|Indian Navy's [[INS Vikrant (2013)|INS ''Vikrant'' (R-11)]] and [[INS Vikramaditya|INS ''Vikramaditya'' (R-33)]] aircraft carriers during twin-carrier demonstration in the Arabian Sea.]]
Indian Navy has operated all types of aircraft carriers including [[CATOBAR]] configured [[INS Vikrant (1961)|''Vikrant'']], [[STOVL]] configured [[INS Viraat|''Viraat'']] and [[STOBAR]] configured [[INS Vikramaditya|''Vikramaditya'']] and [[INS Vikrant (2013)|''Vikrant'' (2013)]] and CBGs centered on them. The [[Indian Navy]] has been operating carrier battle groups since 1961, with its first carrier battle group formed around the now decommissioned {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}}.<ref name="ht9j14">{{cite news|title=INS Vikramaditya will create waves for India |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/comment/analysis/ins-vikramaditya-will-create-waves-for-india/article1-1170772.aspx |access-date=9 January 2014 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=9 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109051144/http://www.hindustantimes.com/comment/analysis/ins-vikramaditya-will-create-waves-for-india/article1-1170772.aspx |archive-date=9 January 2014 }}</ref> {{INS|Viraat}} was an updated [[Centaur-class aircraft carrier|''Centaur''-class light carrier]] originally built for the Royal Navy as {{HMS|Hermes|R12|6}}, which was laid down in 1944 and commissioned in 1959. It was purchased by India in May 1987, and was decommissioned in March 2017. India commissioned {{INS|Vikramaditya}} in 2013 followed by the new {{INS|Vikrant|2013|6}} in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navy-confident-of-commissioning-aircraft-carrier-vikrant-in-two-years/article22474986.ece|title=Cochin Shipyard undocks INS Vikrant|newspaper=The Hindu|date=19 January 2018|last1=Peri|first1=Dinakar}}</ref> INS ''Vikramaditya'' is the modified {{sclass|Kiev|aircraft carrier}} {{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Admiral Gorshkov||2}}, INS ''Vikrant'' is the first indigenous aircraft carrier built in India. India plans to have three carrier battle groups by 2035, each centered on ''[[INS Vikrant (2013)|Vikrant]]'', [[INS Vikramaditya|''Vikramaditya'']] and {{INS|Vishal||6}}, another planned carrier.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/brand-new-indian-navy-with-long-legs-by-2027-verma/208124-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206042512/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/brand-new-indian-navy-with-long-legs-by-2027-verma/208124-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 December 2011|title=News18.com: CNN News18 Latest News, Breaking News India, Current News Headlines|website=News18|access-date=27 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/Carrier-battle-groups-will-add-muscle-to-Navy-power/articleshow/1086252.cms |title = Carrier battle groups will add muscle to Navy power |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025150719/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-08/rest-of-world/27886608_1_carrier-battle-aircraft-carrier-admiral-gorshkov |archive-date=25 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2023, the Indian Navy operates two carrier battle groups centred on INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant.

The Indian Navy's carrier battle group centred on ''Viraat'' consisted of two destroyers, usually of the {{sclass|Delhi|destroyer|4}} (previously {{sclass|Rajput|destroyer|5}}s), two or more frigates, usually of the {{sclass|Brahmaputra|frigate|5}}, [[Godavari-class frigate|''Godavari'']] or [[Nilgiri-class frigate (1972)|''Nilgiri'' classes]], and one support ship.<ref name="inty4d">{{cite news|title=Navy's modern dreams set sail|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indian-navy-ins-vikramaditya-navy-day-drdo-mbt-arjun-general-raheel-sharif-nak-browne/1/327737.html|access-date=5 December 2013|newspaper=India Today|date=4 December 2013}}</ref>

The Carrier Battle Group (CBG) led by INS ''Vikramaditya'' includes [[Kolkata-class destroyer|Kolkata-class destroyers]], [[Talwar-class frigate|Talwar-class frigates]] and [[INS Deepak (A50)|INS Deepak]] among others.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bose |first=Mrityunjay |title=Indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant joins Western Fleet |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-joins-western-fleet-3199604 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Deshpande |first=Smruti |date=2024-09-20 |title=Indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant joins Navy's Western Fleet, ready for deployment |url=https://theprint.in/defence/indigenous-aircraft-carrier-ins-vikrant-joins-navys-western-fleet-ready-for-deployment/2276640/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite tweet |number=1837044775918117070 |user=IN_WNC |title=#INSVikrant, India's indigenous aircraft carrier, joined the @IN_WesternFleet, in a significant enhancement to the maritime power and reach of the #IndianNavy’s ‘Sword Arm’... |date=2024-09-20 |access-date=2024-09-21}}</ref> While the independent CBG of INS ''Vikrant'' is expected to consist of [[Visakhapatnam-class destroyer|Visakhapatnam-class destroyers]], [[Nilgiri-class frigate (2019)|Nilgiri-class frigates]] and [[Kamorta-class corvette|''Kamorta''-class corvettes]] and [[INS Shakti (A57)|INS Shakti]].<ref>{{cite news|title=India to Induct Indigenous Anti-sub Corvette Soon|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/India-to-Induct-Indigenous-Anti-sub-Corvette-Soon/2014/07/05/article2315253.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709190014/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/India-to-Induct-Indigenous-Anti-sub-Corvette-Soon/2014/07/05/article2315253.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 July 2014|access-date=5 July 2014|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=5 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="delh-rebase">{{cite web |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Sumit |date=2021-12-04 |title=Eastern Fleet will have Carrier Battle Group: Vice Admiral |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/eastern-fleet-will-have-carrier-battle-group-vice-admiral/article37833874.ece/amp/ |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

===Italy===
The CVS–ASW (Aircraft Carrier with Anti-Submarine Warfare) {{ship|Italian aircraft carrier|Giuseppe Garibaldi|551|6}} is Italy's first carrier. The battle group based in Taranto called COMFORAL is formed by the carrier ''Giuseppe Garibaldi'', two {{sclass|Durand de la Penne|destroyer}}s, two support ships ''Etna'' and ''Elettra'', and three amphibious/support ships (''San Giusto'', ''San Marco'' and ''San Giorgio'').

After 2010, the Italian battle group will be formed by the new {{ship|Italian aircraft carrier|Cavour|550|6}}, 5–6 new warships (including destroyers ''Horizon'' and frigates FREMM),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marina Militare |url=https://www.marina.difesa.it/_layouts/15/MMIV2-Layouts/pages/MMI.GalleriaFullscreen.aspx?PageId=a0d67416-498a-4c18-a4b9-38961e11885b&Guid=c12a32fb-bf42-476e-81c6-a4c92fd074c1 |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=www.marina.difesa.it |language=it}}</ref> one new support ship, some minehunters and new submarines (the COMFORAL will be a reserve group).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/cartellecomuni/leg15/RapportoAttivitaCommissioni/commissioni/allegati/04/04_all_appnavi.pdf|title=New ships of the Italian battle group (in Italian)|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030259/http://www.camera.it/cartellecomuni/leg15/RapportoAttivitaCommissioni/commissioni/allegati/04/04_all_appnavi.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Russia===
''Admiral Kuznetsov'' has been observed sailing together with a {{sclass|Kirov|battlecruiser|2}} (CBGN), {{sclass|Slava|cruiser}} (CG), {{sclass|Sovremenny|destroyer|2}} (ASuW), {{sclass|Udaloy|destroyer|2}} (ASW) and [[Krivak-class frigate|''Krivak'' I/II FFG (ASW)]]. These escorts, especially the heavily armed ''Kirov''-class battlecruiser, use advanced sensors and carry a variety of weaponry. During ''Admiral Kuznetsov''{{'}}s deployment to [[Russian military intervention in Syria|Syria]] in November 2016 on her first combat tour, the carrier was escorted by a pair of [[Udaloy-class destroyer]]s and a [[Kirov-class battlecruiser]] en route, while additional Russian Navy warships met her off Syria.

''Admiral Kuznetsov'' is designed specifically to sail alone and carries greater firepower than her U.S. counterparts. This includes 12x [[P-700 Granit|SS-N-19 'Shipwreck']] (long range, high speed, [[sea-skimming]]) SSMs, 24x VLS units loaded with 192 [[Tor missile system|SA-N-9 'Gauntlet' SAMs]], and 8x Kashtan CIWS with dual 30&nbsp;mm guns, and 8x AK-630 CIWS. Compared to the 4x Phalanx CIWS and 4x Sea Sparrow launchers, each with 8 missiles carried by the ''Nimitz''-class, ''Admiral Kuznetsov'' is well armed for both air-defence and offensive operations against hostile shipping.

===United Kingdom===
{{main|UK Carrier Strike Group}}
[[File:HMS Queen Elizabeth Carrier Strike Group during Westlant 19.jpg|thumb|[[HMS Queen Elizabeth (R08)]] and her [[Carrier Strike Group]] during Exercise Westlant 19.]]
As one of the pioneers of aircraft carriers, the Royal Navy has maintained a carrier strike capability since the commissioning of {{HMS|Argus|I49}} in 1918.<ref>{{cite book |title=Jane's Naval Airpower: The Complete History |date=1 September 2003 |publisher=Collins-Janes |isbn=9780007111527 |quote=The Royal Navy pioneered the use of aircraft carriers during World War I, but famously lost Prince of Wales and Repulse to land based Japanese bombers in 1941.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Aircraft carrier: A mind-boggling building job |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12308437 |agency=BBC News |date=7 April 2011 |quote=The Royal Navy pioneered carriers, explains Hewitt, head of attractions and collections at the Portsmouth Naval Base Property Trust.}}</ref> However, the capability was temporarily lost between 2010 and 2018, following the retirement of the {{sclass|Invincible|aircraft carrier|1}} and [[British Aerospace Harrier II|Harrier GR9]]s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Britain moves to restore carrier strike capability with warship commissioning |url=https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2017/12/07/britain-moves-to-restore-carrier-strike-capability-with-warship-commissioning/ |agency=Defense News |date=7 December 2017}}</ref> During this period, the Royal Navy worked to regenerate its carrier strike capability based on the Carrier-Enabled Power Projection (CEPP) concept by ordering two [[Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier|''Queen Elizabeth''-class aircraft carriers]] and the [[Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|F-35B Lightning]] to operate from them.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Royal Navy Is Going All In on Aircraft Carriers |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/royal-navy-going-all-aircraft-carriers-86716 |agency=National Interest |date=9 October 2019}}</ref> To maintain its skills and experience, the Royal Navy embedded personnel and ships with partner navies, in particular the [[United States Navy]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Royal Navy Carrier Strike Group Put to the Test |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2017/january/19/170119-royal-navy-carrier-strike-group-put-to-the-test |agency=Royal Navy |date=19 January 2017}}</ref>

In 2017, the first ''Queen Elizabeth''-class aircraft carrier {{HMS|Queen Elizabeth|R08|6}} entered service followed by her sister ship {{HMS|Prince of Wales|R09|6}} in 2019. The first carrier strike group took to sea in September 2019 as part of an exercise known as ''Westlant 19''. HMS ''Queen Elizabeth'' and her air group of F-35B Lightning jets operated alongside two surface escorts and a fleet tanker off the east coast of the United States.<ref>{{cite news |title=HMS Queen Elizabeth's Carrier Task Group Takes Shape |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2019/september/26/190926-westlant-carrier-strike-group |agency=Royal Navy |date=26 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=UK begins 'Westlant 19' carrier deployment |url=https://www.janes.com/article/90762/uk-begins-westlant-19-carrier-deployment |agency=Janes |date=30 August 2019}}</ref> The deployment was in preparation for the first operational deployment in 2021, which is expected to involve HMS ''Queen Elizabeth'' alongside four Royal Navy escorts, two support ships and a submarine.<ref>{{cite news |title=HMS Queen Elizabeth Carrier Strike Group to deploy next year |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/hms-queen-elizabeth-carrier-strike-group-to-deploy-in-2021/ |agency=UK Defence Journal |date=1 February 2020}}</ref>

Under current plans, a Royal Navy carrier strike group will typically comprise a ''Queen Elizabeth''-class aircraft carrier, two air defence destroyers, two anti-submarine frigates, a submarine, solid stores ship and a fleet tanker, however the composition varies depending on the operational tasking. While ''Queen Elizabeth'''s initial deployment will be as part of an all-British carrier group, it is envisaged in the longer term that the UK's carriers will usually form the centre of a multi-national operation – in 2018, it was announced that the British and Dutch governments had come to an agreement that would see escort vessels of the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]] operating as part of the UK Carrier Strike Group.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forces.net/news/hms-queen-elizabeths-first-deployment-be-alongside-dutch-warship |title=HMS Queen Elizabeth's First Operational Deployment To Be Alongside Dutch Warship |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=24 October 2018 |website=Forces.net |access-date=26 October 2018 }}</ref> Command of the UK carrier strike group is the responsibility of [[Commander United Kingdom Carrier Strike Group]]. A June 2020 [[National Audit Office (United Kingdom)|National Audit Office]] report however provided a critical review of the forthcoming Carrier Strike Group, especially noting the delay to the Crowsnest system.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/007678-001-Carrier-Strike-preparing-for-deployment.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629082857/https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/007678-001-Carrier-Strike-preparing-for-deployment.pdf |archive-date=2020-06-29 |url-status=live |title=Carrier Strike Preparing for Deployment |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=26 June 2020 |website=nao.org.uk |publisher=UK National Audit Office |access-date=19 July 2020 }}</ref>

===United States===
====Carrier strike group====
{{Main|Carrier strike group}}
[[Image:George Washington Carrier Strike Group.jpg|thumb|USS ''George Washington'' [[Carrier Strike Group]] sails in formation for a strike group photo in the [[Caribbean Sea]] 29 April 2006.  Such a formation, referred to derisively as the "bullseye" formation, would not be used in combat.]]
In [[modern United States Navy carrier air operations]], a [[carrier strike group]] (CSG) normally consists of 1 aircraft carrier, 1 [[guided missile cruiser]] (for air defense), 2 [[light airborne multi-purpose system|LAMPS]]-[[helicopter carrier|capable]] warships (focusing on anti-submarine and surface warfare), and 1–2 anti-submarine [[destroyer]]s or [[frigate]]s.<ref>{{cite web|author=USS George Washington Public Affairs|date=21 August 2008|title=USS George Washington Departs for Japan|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=39259|access-date=2 November 2012|publisher=Navy.mil|archive-date=8 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108080059/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=39259|url-status=dead}}</ref> The large number of CSGs used by the United States reflects, in part, a division of roles and missions allotted during the Cold War, in which the United States assumed primary responsibility for [[blue-water navy|blue-water]] operations and for safeguarding supply lines between the United States and Europe, while the [[NATO]] allies assumed responsibility for less costly [[brown-water navy|brown]]- and [[green-water navy|green-water]] operations. The CSG has replaced the old term of carrier battle group (CVBG or CARBATGRU).{{when|date=March 2019}}  The US Navy maintains 11 carrier strike groups,{{clarify timeframe|date=March 2016}} 10 of which are based in the United States and [[Carrier Strike Group 5|one]] that is forward deployed in [[United States Fleet Activities Yokosuka|Yokosuka]], Japan.

====Expeditionary strike group====
An [[expeditionary strike group]] is composed of an [[amphibious assault ship]] ([[landing helicopter assault|LHA]]/[[landing helicopter dock|LHD]]), a [[dock landing ship]] (LSD), an [[amphibious transport dock]] (LPD), a [[Marine expeditionary unit]], [[McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II|AV-8B Harrier II]] or, more recently [[Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II]] aircraft, [[Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion|CH-53E Super Stallion]] and [[Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight|CH-46E Sea Knight]] helicopters or, more recently, [[Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey|MV-22B]] tiltrotors.  Cruisers, destroyers and attack submarines are deployed with either an Expeditionary Strike Group or a Carrier Strike Group.

====Battleship battle group====
During the period when the American navy recommissioned all four of its {{sclass|Iowa|battleship}}s, it sometimes used a similar formation centered on a [[battleship]], referred to as a battleship battle group.  It was alternately referred to as a surface action group.

The battleship battle group typically consisted of one modernized [[battleship]], one {{sclass|Ticonderoga|cruiser}}, one {{sclass|Kidd|destroyer}} or {{sclass|Arleigh Burke|destroyer|2}}, one {{sclass|Spruance|destroyer|2}}, three {{sclass|Oliver Hazard Perry|frigate}}s and one [[auxiliary ship]] such as a [[replenishment oiler]].<ref>Lightbody and Poyer, pp. 338–339.</ref>

====Surface action group====
A surface action group is "a temporary or standing organization of combatant ships, other than carriers, tailored for a specific tactical mission".<ref>''Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms''. S.v. "[https://www.thefreedictionary.com/surface+action+group surface action group]". Retrieved 12 November 2018.</ref>