Editing California sea lion (section)

===Communication===
[[File:California sea lions chasing a boat.webm|thumb|Barking California sea lions pursuing a boat]]
California sea lions communicate with a range of vocalizations. The most commonly used one is their characteristic [[Bark (utterance)|bark]]. Territorial males are the loudest and most continuous callers, and barks are produced constantly during the peak of the breeding season. California sea lions bark especially rapidly when excited. The barks of territorial and non-territorial males sound similar, although those of the former are deeper. Males may bark when threatening other males or during courtship. The only other vocalization made by territorial males is a "prolonged hoarse grunt sound" made when an individual is startled by a human. This vocalization is also made by groups of non-reproductive males.<ref name=Peterson>{{cite journal |last1=Peterson |first1=Richard S. |last2=Bartholomew |first2=George A. |year=1969 |title=Airborne vocal communication in the California sea lion, ''Zalophus californianus'' |journal=[[Animal Behaviour (journal)|Animal Behaviour]] |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=17–24 |doi=10.1016/0003-3472(69)90108-0}}</ref>

Female California sea lions are less vocal. Their barks, high-pitched and shorter than those made by males, are used in aggressive situations. Other aggressive vocalizations given by females include the "squeal", the "belch", and the "growl". The sound a female California sea lion gives when calling her pups is called a "pup-attraction call", described as "loud" and "brawling". Pups respond with a "mother-response call", which is similar in structure. Pups will also bleat or bark when playing or in distress.<ref name=Peterson/> California sea lions can produce vocalizations underwater. These include "whinny" sounds, barks, buzzings, and clicks.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schusterman |first1=Ronald J. |last2=Gentry |first2=Roger |last3=Schmook |first3=James |year=1966 |title=Underwater Vocalization by Sea Lions: Social and Mirror Stimuli |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=154 |issue=3748 |pages=540–542 |doi= 10.1126/science.154.3748.540|pmid=5916951 |bibcode = 1966Sci...154..540S |s2cid=26768330 }}</ref>