Editing Calicut (section)

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Kozhikode district}}

{{bar box
|title = Religions in Calicut city (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Kerala|Hinduism]]|darkorange|57.37}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Kerala|Islam]]|green|37.66}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Kerala|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|4.60}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.37}}
}}

The total population within the Kozhikode Municipal Corporation limits is 550,440.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW32C-01%20MDDS.XLS|format=XLS|title=C -1 POPULATION BY RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY - 2011|website=Censusindia.gov.in|access-date=22 June 2019|archive-date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208221342/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW32C-01%20MDDS.XLS|url-status=live}}</ref> Males account for 47.7% of the population, while females make up 52.3%.

Calicut has been a multi-ethnic and multi-religious town since the early [[medieval period]]. The [[Hinduism in Kerala|Hindu]]s form the largest religious group, followed by [[Islam in Kerala|Muslims]] and [[Christianity in Kerala|Christians]].<ref name="Official Website of Kozhikode">{{cite web |url=http://www.kkd.kerala.gov.in/generel.htm |title=Official Website of Kozhikode |website=Kkd.kerala.gov.in |date=26 December 1975 |access-date=23 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012185335/http://www.kkd.kerala.gov.in/generel.htm |archive-date=12 October 2009 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Hindus form the majority at 57.37%(315,807 people),<ref name="censusindia.gov.in"/> while Muslims form 37.66% (207,298 people).<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01: Population by religious community: Kerala |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11379/download/14492/DDW32C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

Kozhikode Municipal Corporation has an average [[Literacy in India#Kerala|literacy rate]] of 96.8%<ref name="Cities1Lakhandabove" /> ([[Literacy in India|national average]] is 74.85%). The male literacy rate is 97.93% and female literacy rate is 95.78%.<ref name="Cities1Lakhandabove" />

Historically, Calicut has been home to diverse communities and regional groups. Many of these communities continued their traditional occupations and customs until the 20th century.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.kkd.kerala.gov.in/generel.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012185335/http://www.kkd.kerala.gov.in/generel.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 October 2009 | title=Official website of kozhikode| date=12 October 2009}}</ref> Brahmins primarily resided near Hindu temples in the city. Regional groups such as [[Tamil Brahmins]], Gujaratis, and [[Marwari Jains]] settled in the city, residing near their shrines.<ref>[[M.G.S. Narayanan|Narayanan M.G.S.]], Calicut: The City of Truth, [[Calicut University]] Press (2006)</ref>

The [[Nairs]] formed the rulers, warriors and landed gentry of Calicut.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nossiter|first=Thomas Johnson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CSQUxVjjWQC&q=25|title=Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation|date=1 January 1982|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-04667-2|pages=25|language=en}}</ref>  The [[Samoothiri]] had a ten thousand strong Nair bodyguard called the Kozhikkottu pathinaayiram (The 10,000 of Kozhikode) who defended the capital and supported the administration within the city. He had a larger force of 30,000 Nairs in his capacity as the Prince of Eranadu, called the Kozhikkottu Muppatinaayiram (The 30,000 of Kozhikode).<ref name="123mm">{{Cite book|last=Narayanan|first=M. G. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhNuAAAAMAAJ|title=Calicut: The City of Truth Revisited|date=2006|publisher=University of Calicut|isbn=978-81-7748-104-4|pages=112|language=en}}</ref> The Nairs also formed the members of the suicide squad ([[Suicide attack#India|chaver]]).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Prange|first=Sebastian R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OM5TDwAAQBAJ&q=suicide+squad&pg=PA154|title=Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast|date=3 May 2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-42438-7|language=en}}</ref> The [[Tiyyar|Thiyyar]] formed the ''vaidyars'' ([[Ayurveda]] Physicians), local militia, and traders of Calicut. The Muslims of Calicut are known as [[Mappila]]s, and according to the official Calicut website "the great majority of them are [[Sunni Islam|Sunnis]] following the [[Shafi school of thought]].<ref name="Official Website of Kozhikode"/> There are some smaller communities among the Muslims such as [[Dawoodi Bohra]]s of Gujarati origin.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/05/19/stories/2006051916410400.htm |title=Bohras in Calicut |website=Hinduonnet.com |date=19 May 2006 |access-date=23 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703153837/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/05/19/stories/2006051916410400.htm |archive-date=3 July 2009 |url-status=usurped  }}</ref> Many of the Muslims living in the historic part of the city follow [[matrilineality]] and are noted for their piety.<ref name="kerala1">{{cite web |url=http://www.kkd.kerala.gov.in/generel.htm |title=Official website of Kozhikode, Govt. of Kerala |website=Kkd.kerala.gov.in |date=26 December 1975 |access-date=23 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012185335/http://www.kkd.kerala.gov.in/generel.htm |archive-date=12 October 2009 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Though [[Christianity in Kerala|Christianity]] is believed to have been introduced in Kerala in the 1st century CE, the size of the community in [[Malabar region|Malabar]] (northern Kerala) began to rise only after the arrival of Portuguese missionaries towards the close of the 15th century. A few Christians of [[Travancore|Thiruvitankoor]] and [[Kochi]] have lately migrated to the hilly regions of the district and are settled there.<ref name="kerala1"/>

The [[Tamil Brahmins]] are primarily settled around the Tali Siva temple. They arrived in Calicut as dependants of chieftains, working as cooks, cloth merchants and moneylenders.<ref>Narayanan.M.G.S., Calicut: The City of Truth(2006) [[Calicut University]] Publications</ref> They have retained their [[Tamil language]] and dialects as well as caste rituals. The [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] community is settled mostly around the [[Jain]] temple in and around the Valliyangadi. They owned many establishments, especially textile and sweet shops. They must have arrived in Calicut at least from the beginning of the 14th century. They belong to either the Hindu or the Jain community. A few [[Marwaris|Marwari]] families are also found in Calicut who was basically moneylenders.

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Calicut city (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Malayalam]] |value1 = 97.64 |color1 = cornflowerblue
|label2 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value2 = 0.91 |color2 = royalblue
|label3 = Others |value3 = 1.45 |color3 = grey
}}

By language, 97.64% of the population speaks [[Malayalam]] and 0.91% [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue (Urban): Kerala |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10258/download/13370/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-3200.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>