Editing Calais (section)

===21st century – migration issues===
{{main|Migrants around Calais}}
Since 1999 or earlier, an increasingly large number of [[illegal immigrant]]s and [[asylum seeker]]s started to arrive in the vicinity of Calais, living in the [[Calais jungle]], the nickname given to a series of [[Tent city|makeshift camps]]. The people lived there while attempting to enter the [[United Kingdom]] by [[stowing away]] on lorries, ferries, cars, or trains travelling through the [[Port of Calais]] or the [[Eurotunnel Calais Terminal]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 July 2015 |title='Hundreds' of migrants now target Eurotunnel every night |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-33649334 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=11 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211134006/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-33649334 |url-status=live }}</ref> or while waiting for their [[Asylum in France|French asylum]] claims to be processed.<ref>Francesca Ansaloni, 'Deterritorialising the Jungle: Understanding the Calais camp through its orderings' in ''Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space'' (25/02/20) doi.org/10.1177/2399654420908597</ref> The people were a mix of [[asylum seeker]]s and [[economic migrant]]s from [[Darfur]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Syria]], [[Iraq]], [[Eritrea]] and other [[Least Developed Countries|underdeveloped]] or conflict-stricken countries in Africa and Asia.

The [[Calais migrant crisis]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2015 |title=Cameron expects migrant crisis to last all summer |publisher=RTÉ News |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2015/0731/718369-migrant-crisis/}}</ref> led to escalating tension between the UK and France in the summer of 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Angelique Chrisafis |title=The Calais migrant problem: a continual drip of poison in Anglo-French relations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/29/calais-migrant-problem-poison-anglo-french-relations |website=The Guardian|date=29 July 2015 }}</ref> The UK blamed France for not doing enough to stop migrants from entering the Channel Tunnel or attempting to scale fences built along the border. The [[British Prime Minister]] [[David Cameron]] released a statement saying that illegal immigrants would be removed from the UK even if they reached the island.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Josh Halliday |title=Cameron chairs Cobra meeting after overnight standoff in Calais |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/31/calais-crisis-david-cameron-chairs-cobra-meeting-as-mod-role-discussed |website=The Guardian |date=31 July 2015 |access-date=11 December 2016 |archive-date=22 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122000846/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jul/31/calais-crisis-david-cameron-chairs-cobra-meeting-as-mod-role-discussed |url-status=live }}</ref> To discourage migrants and refugees from jumping on train shuttles at Calais, the UK government supplied fencing to be installed around the Eurotunnel complex, where the vehicles are loaded onto train shuttles in Calais.

On 26 October 2016, French authorities announced that the camp had been cleared.<ref>{{Cite web |title=French Authorities Confirm 'the Jungle' Refugee Camp Is Empty |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/french-authorities-confirm-jungle-refugee-020209875.html |website=uk.news.yahoo.com |date=27 October 2016 |access-date=14 November 2019 |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727060855/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/french-authorities-confirm-jungle-refugee-020209875.html |url-status=live }}</ref> By January 2017, 500–1,000 migrants, mostly [[unaccompanied minor]]s, had returned and were [[Homelessness|living rough]] in Calais<ref>{{cite report |author1=[[Marta Welander]] |author2=Fee Mira Gerlach |date=2020 |title=Refugees and displaced people in northern France: a brief timeline of the human rights situation in the Calais area |url=https://refugee-rights.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/History-Of-Calais_Refugee-Rights-Europe.pdf |publisher=Refugee Rights Europe |access-date=16 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416124613/https://refugee-rights.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/History-Of-Calais_Refugee-Rights-Europe.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2020}}</ref> and there has been a presence ever since.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Malfatto |first1=Emilienne |title=Four years after it became a symbol of Europe's failures, migrants are still stranded in Calais |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/world/calais-jungle-migrants-channel-crossings/ |access-date=31 January 2021 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=14 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |author1=[[Marta Welander]] |author2=Fee Mira Gerlach |author3=Camille Boittiaux |date=2020 |title=A brief timeline of the human rights situation in Northern France |url=https://refugee-rights.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/RRE_Northern-France-Timeline-2020.pdf |publisher=Refugee Rights Europe |access-date=31 January 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131182353/https://refugee-rights.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/RRE_Northern-France-Timeline-2020.pdf|archive-date=31 January 2021}}</ref>