Editing Cain (section)

== Relationship with the ground ==
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In this alternative reading of the text, the ground could be personified as a character. This reading is evidenced by given human qualities, like a mouth, in the scripture. The ground is also the only subject of an active verb in the verse that states, "It opens its mouth to take the blood." This suggests that the ground reacted to the situation. By that logic, the ground could then potentially be an accomplice to the murder of Abel (Jordstad 708). The reaction from the ground raises the question, "Does the intimate connection between humans and the ground mean that the ground mirrors or aids human action, regardless of the nature of that action?"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mari Jørstad|date=2016|title=The Ground That Opened Its Mouth: The Ground's Response to Human Violence in Genesis 4|journal=Journal of Biblical Literature|volume=135|issue=4|page=705|doi=10.15699/jbl.1354.2016.3010}}</ref>