Editing Burushaski (section)

=== Modern evolution ===
Burushaski is predominantly a spoken rather than a written language. One of the earliest examples of modern Burushaski literature was the poetry written by [[Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai|Prof. Allamah Nasiruddin Nasir Hunzai]] in the 1940s. He began by using the [[Urdu alphabet]] to write the language, but soon realized that Urdu script was not adequate to the task, since it lacked the necessary letters to represent certain [[phoneme]]s unique to Burushaski. This led him to undertake the task of devising a standardised [[Urdu alphabet|Urdu]]-derived alphabet geared specifically to the accurate transcription of the Burushaski language. To this end, he went on to create the new consonants ݼ [tsʰ], څ [ʈʂ], ڎ [ts], ݽ [ʂ], ڞ [ʈʂʰ], and ݣ [ŋ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06149-bashir-prop.pdf | title=N3117: Proposal to add characters needed for Khowar, Torwali, and Burushaski | first1=Elena | last1=Bashir|author1-link=Elena Bashir | first2=Sarmad | last2=Hussain | first3=Deborah | last3=Anderson | publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 | date=5 May 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shaping behavior of Burushaski characters and other Arabic additions in L2/06-149 |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07264-arabic-shaping.pdf |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref> Furthermore, innovative writers of Burushaski began to use [[Subscript and superscript|superscript]] [[Eastern Arabic numerals|Urdu numbers]] to indicate different stress patterns, tones and vowel-lengths. For example, in Burushaski, the letter ـو (''waw'') represents a long vowel with a falling tone, "óo". The letter ـݸ (''waw'' with a superscript ''2'') represents a short vowel "o", and the letter ـݹ (''waw'' with a superscript 3) represents a long vowel with a rising tone, "oó".<ref name="b-u-dict-vol1" />

Parallel to this, a Latin-derived orthography was created by Hermann Berger - a system which has found favour among many researchers and linguists. The "Burushaski Research Academy" currently recognises both the Urdu-based and the Latin-based orthography.

In the years, 2006, 2009, and 2013, a 3-volume Burushaski-[[Urdu language|Urdu]] Dictionary was compiled in a collaboration between the "Burushaski Research Academy" and the [[University of Karachi]], under the auspices of [[Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai|Prof. Allamah Nasiruddin Nasir Hunzai]] and published by the university's "Bureau of Composition, Compilation & Translation".<ref>Burushaski Research Academy. ''Collaboration of Burushaski Research Academy with Karachi University'' [https://www.burushopedia.org/burushaski_urdu/ https://www.burushopedia.org/burushaski_urdu/]</ref> This dictionary uses primarily the Urdu-derived alphabet, while employing Berger's Latin alphabet-derived orthography in a supplementary capacity.