Editing Brownsville, Texas (section)

===21st century===
Brownsville has received significant media attention surrounding immigration policies and border-wall funding costs. In 2006, President [[George W. Bush]] signed into law the [[Secure Fence Act of 2006]]. The act administered the construction of a tall border "fence" extending from the [[Pacific Ocean]] (at [[San Diego]] and [[Tijuana]]'s border crossing), through the entry of the [[Port of Brownsville]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Secure Fence Act of 2006 |url=https://www.congress.gov/109/plaws/publ367/PLAW-109publ367.pdf |website=[[United States Congress]] |access-date=January 2, 2019 |archive-date=December 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213113708/https://www.congress.gov/109/plaws/publ367/PLAW-109publ367.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] issued a proposal to add {{convert|70|mi|abbr=on}} of border fence, an action which would potentially reallocate portions of the [[University of Texas at Brownsville]] campus.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roebuck |first1=Jeremy |title=Maps show Valley with 70 miles of the border fence |url=https://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/maps-show-valley-with-miles-of-the-border-fence/article_288aa56e-0d57-5749-b1b8-b28f0e403a3e.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=The Brownsville Herald |date=September 25, 2007}}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kahn |first1=Carrie |title=Border Fence A Great Divide For Texas Landowners |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88802928 |access-date=January 2, 2019 |publisher=National Public Radio |date=March 24, 2008 |archive-date=January 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103004848/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88802928 |url-status=live}}</ref> The proposal would have transferred {{convert|180|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of university land, including several historical monuments and the university's golf course, to Mexico.<ref name="border">{{cite news |last1=Brezosky |first1=Lynn |title=Deal means border fence won't split UT-Brownsville campus |url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Deal-means-border-fence-won-t-split-1756974.php |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=Chron |date=July 31, 2008 |archive-date=January 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103004736/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Deal-means-border-fence-won-t-split-1756974.php |url-status=live}}</ref> The proposal was altered after [[Andrew Hanen]], a federal district judge, rejected the department's idea.<ref name="border"/>

====Border wall issue====
In 2016, Republican presidential candidate [[Donald Trump]] proposed building a border wall along the United States-Mexico border. Trump's proposed wall, if completed, would consist of {{convert|2,000|mi|abbr=on}} "of hardened [[concrete]], and ... [[rebar]], and [[steel]]" across the southern border, including Brownsville.<ref>Scott Bronstein, Curt Devine & Drew Griffin, [http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/16/politics/trump-border-wall/ Trump wants a wall. Border experts want a fence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517015104/https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/16/politics/trump-border-wall/ |date=May 17, 2019}}, [[CNN]] (February 16, 2017).</ref> On January 25, 2017, days after assuming office, Trump issued [[Executive Order 13767]], directing construction for the border wall. Brownsville was also the center of controversy surrounding the new administration's continuation of an Obama-era policy of housing immigrant children separate from adults (except for mothers) who entered the country unlawfully. The issue surrounded [[Casa Padre]], the largest [[Immigration detention in the United States|juvenile immigration detention center]] in America, which is located within Brownsville's city limits.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Michael E. |last2=Brown |first2=Emma |last3=Davis |first3=Aaron C. |title=Inside Casa Padre, the converted Walmart where the U.S. is holding nearly 1,500 immigrant children |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/inside-casa-padre-the-converted-walmart-where-the-us-is-holding-nearly-1500-immigrant-children/2018/06/14/0cd65ce4-6eba-11e8-bd50-b80389a4e569_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=June 17, 2018 |date=June 14, 2018 |archive-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206172445/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/inside-casa-padre-the-converted-walmart-where-the-us-is-holding-nearly-1500-immigrant-children/2018/06/14/0cd65ce4-6eba-11e8-bd50-b80389a4e569_story.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Revitalization====
Downtown Brownsville has received several revitalization projects from the city government to increase tourism and safety.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sealey |first1=Stephen |title=City of Brownsville revitalizing downtown area |url=https://valleycentral.com/news/local/city-of-brownsville-revitalizing-downtown-area |access-date=January 6, 2019 |work=Valley Central |date=October 17, 2018 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106153343/https://valleycentral.com/news/local/city-of-brownsville-revitalizing-downtown-area |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Texas Historical Commission]] named Brownsville as part of its Main Street Program in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Garcia |first1=Derick |title=City's Downtown Revitalization Sees First Milestone |url=https://www.kveo.com/news/local-news/citys-downtown-revitalization-sees-first-milestone/536690797 |access-date=January 6, 2019 |publisher=[[KVEO-TV]] |date=August 18, 2016 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106204456/https://www.kveo.com/news/local-news/citys-downtown-revitalization-sees-first-milestone/536690797 |url-status=live}}</ref> Several historic buildings were restored, including the Stegman Building, a historic building named after Baldwin G. Stegman, one of the city's first [[streetcar]] line developers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Contreras |first1=Kaila |title=Renovations helped refresh downtown Brownsville |url=https://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/renovations-helped-refresh-downtown-brownsville/article_033116b6-edd2-11e7-9b24-4f7bb55a465a.html |access-date=January 6, 2019 |work=The Brownsville Herald |date=December 30, 2017 |archive-date=December 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231052105/http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/renovations-helped-refresh-downtown-brownsville/article_033116b6-edd2-11e7-9b24-4f7bb55a465a.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) selected Brownsville as one of six cities for their "Greening America's Communities" program.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greening America's Communities |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-04/documents/17_12_11_epa_final_report_brownsville.pdf |website=[[Environmental Protection Agency]] |access-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106204258/https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-04/documents/17_12_11_epa_final_report_brownsville.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The agency worked on a revitalization project for Market Square, a building constructed in 1850.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Clark |first1=Steve |title=Restoration of Market Square bell tower complete |url=https://www.brownsvilleherald.com/business/restoration-of-market-square-bell-tower-complete/article_1dd69284-7eb0-11e7-89f4-0bbfe555b03a.html |access-date=January 6, 2019 |work=The Brownsville Herald |date=August 5, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The city also received a $3.4&nbsp;million grant from the Façade Improvement Program for this project.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sealey |first1=Stephen |title=Brownsville plans to revitalize its downtown district with $3.4 million budget |url=https://valleycentral.com/news/local/brownsville-plans-to-revitalize-its-downtown-district-with-34-million-budget |access-date=January 6, 2019 |work=Valley Central |date=May 9, 2017 |archive-date=January 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106153402/https://valleycentral.com/news/local/brownsville-plans-to-revitalize-its-downtown-district-with-34-million-budget |url-status=live}}</ref>