Editing Brass (section)

===Brass alloys===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan=2 | Alloy name
! colspan=4 | Proportion by weight (%)
! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" | Other
! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
! Copper
! Zinc
! Tin
! Lead
|-
| Abyssinian gold (Commercial bronze [C220]) || 90 || 10 || || || ||
|-
| Admiralty brass || 69 || 30 || 1 || || || Tin inhibits [[dezincification resistant brass|loss of zinc]] in many environments. 
|-
| Aich's alloy || 60.66 || 36.58 || 1.02 || || 1.74% iron || Designed for use in marine service owing to its corrosion resistance, hardness and toughness. A characteristic application is to the protection of ships' bottoms, but more modern methods of cathodic protection have rendered its use less common. Its appearance resembles that of gold.<ref>Simons, E. N. (1970). ''A Dictionary of Alloys'', [[Cornell University]]</ref>
|-
| Aluminium brass ||77.5 ||20.5 || || || 2% aluminium || Aluminium improves corrosion resistance. It is used for heat exchanger and condenser tubes.<ref name="Davis2001">{{cite book|author=Joseph R. Davis|title=Copper and Copper Alloys|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxkPJzmkhnUC&pg=PA249|date=1 January 2001|publisher=ASM International|isbn=978-0-87170-726-0|page=7}}</ref>
|-
| Arsenical brass || || || || || style="white-space:nowrap" | [[Arsenic]]; frequently [[aluminium]] || Used for boiler [[Firebox (steam engine)|fireboxes]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.matweb.com/search/datasheet.aspx?matguid=9e9610ea79184323840d8838c6591e8b |title= Aluminum Brass Arsenical, UNS C68700 |work= [[MatWeb]] |access-date= 18 October 2023}}</ref><ref name=awm>{{cite web |url= https://www.australwright.com.au/technical-data/alloys/copper-brass/c26130-70-30-arsinical-brass/ |title= 70/30 Arsinical Brass Alloy 259, UNS-C26130 |work= Austral Wright Metals |date= 2021 |access-date= 18 October 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230608211306/https://www.australwright.com.au/technical-data/alloys/copper-brass/c26130-70-30-arsinical-brass/ |archive-date= 8 June 2023 |url-status= live}}</ref>
|-
| Arsenical brass 259 || 70 || 29.5 || || ≤0.05 || Arsenic 0.2-0.6, Iron ≤0.05 || Heat exchangers, plumbing requiring excellent corrosion resistance in water.<ref name=awm/>
|-
| Brastil || - || - || - || - || Copper, Silicon, Zinc  || An alloy of copper, zinc, and silicon which has an incredibly high tensile strength and is corrosion resistant. Doehler Die Casting Co. of Toledo, Ohio were known for the production of Brastil.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.utoledo.edu/library/canaday/HTML_findingaids/MSS-202.html | title=Doehler-Jarvis Company Collection, MSS-202 }}</ref><ref>Woldman’s Engineering Alloys, 9th Edition 1936, American Society for Metals, {{ISBN|978-0-87170-691-1}}</ref> It was notably tested in 1932 on an [[M1911 pistol]] as it was cheaper than steel at the time as a cost-effective measure.
|-
| California lead-free brass || || || || <&nbsp;0.25 || || Defined by California Assembly Bill AB 1953 contains "not more than 0.25 percent lead content".<ref name="info.sen.ca.gov" /> Prior upper limit was 4%.
|-
| Cartridge brass (C260) || 70 || 30 || &mdash; || ≤{{nbsp}}0.07<ref name="alcobrametals.com">{{Cite web|url=https://alcobrametals.com/brass-product-guide/|title=Brass Product Guide}}</ref> || || Good [[cold work]]ing properties. Used for ammunition cases, plumbing, and hardware. 
|-
| Common brass || 63 || 37 || || || || Also called ''rivet brass''. Cheap and standard for cold working.
|-
| DZR brass || || || || || Arsenic || Dezincification resistant brass with a small percentage of arsenic.
|-
| Delta metal || 55 || 41–43 || || || 1–3% iron with the balance consisting of various other metals. || The proportions used make the material harder and suitable for valves and bearings.
|-
| Free machining brass (C360) || 61.5 || 35.5 || || 2.5–3.7 || 0.35% iron || Also called 360 or C360 brass. High machinability.<ref name="alcobrametals.com"/> 
|-
| [[Gilding metal]] || 95 || 5 || || || || Softest type of brass commonly available. Gilding metal is typically used for ammunition bullet "jackets"; e.g., [[full metal jacket bullet|full metal jacket]] bullets. Almost red in colour.
|-
| [[Gunmetal]] || 88 || 10 || 2 || || || E.g. British Admiralty gunmetal. Has variations.
|-
| High brass || 65 || 35 || || || || Has a high [[tensile strength]] and is used for [[spring (device)|springs]], [[screw]]s, and [[rivet]]s.
|-
| Leaded brass || || || || &gt;&nbsp;0 ||  || An alpha-beta brass with an addition of [[lead]] for improved machinability.
|-
| Low brass || 80 || 20 || || || || Light golden colour, very ductile; used for flexible metal hoses and metal [[bellows]].
|-
| Manganese brass || 77 || 12 || || || 7% [[manganese]], 4% [[nickel]] || Used as cladding for United States [[dollar coin (United States)|golden dollar]] coins.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Presidential Dollars | url=https://www.copper.org/publications/newsletters/innovations/2007/04/presidential_dollars.html | website=Copper Development Association | date=April 2007}}</ref> Other manganese brass alloy compositions exist.
|-
| [[Muntz metal]] || 60 || 40 || || || Traces of iron || Used as a lining on boats.
|-
| Naval brass (C464) || 59 || 40 || 1 || || || Similar to admiralty brass. Also known as Tobin bronze, 464, or C464.<ref name="Kormax" >{{cite web|url=https://kormax.co.nz/products/464-naval-brass/ |title=464 Naval Brass (Tobin Bronze) |publisher=Kormax Engineering Supplies |access-date= 4 December 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200817155547/https://kormax.co.nz/products/464-naval-brass/ |archive-date= 17 August 2020}}</ref>{{anchor|Tobin bronze}}
|-
| Naval brass, high lead (C485) || 60.5 || 37.5 || 1.8 || 0.7 || || Naval brass with added lead for machinability. Also known as 485, or C485.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.avivametals.com/products/c48500-naval-brass-high-leaded |title= C48500 Naval Brass "High Leaded" |publisher= Aviva Metals |date= 2023 |access-date= 18 October 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221128174023/https://www.avivametals.com/products/c48500-naval-brass-high-leaded |archive-date= 28 November 2022 |url-status= live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Nickel brass]] || 70–76 || 20–24.5 || || || 4–5.5% nickel || The outer ring of the bi-metallic [[One pound (British coin)|one pound]] and [[two pounds (British coin)|two pound]] sterling coins and the [[Euro coins#Specification|one euro coin]], plus the centre part of the two euro coin. Formerly used for the round one pound coin.
|-
| [[Nordic gold]] || 89 || 5 || 1 || || 5% aluminum || Used in 10, 20, and 50 cents [[euro coins#Small-denomination coins|euro coins]].
|-
| [[Orichalcum]] || 75-80 || 15-20 || || Trace || Trace amounts of nickel and iron || Determined from 39 ingots recovered from an ancient shipwreck in [[Gela]], [[Sicily]].
|-
| [[Pinchbeck (alloy)|Pinchbeck]] || 89% or 93% || 11% or 7% || || || || Invented in the early 18th century by Christopher Pinchbeck. Resembles gold to a point where people can buy the metal as budget gold "effect" jewelry.
|-
| Prince's metal || 75 || 25 || || || || A type of alpha brass. Due to its yellow colour, it is used as an imitation of gold.<ref>[http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/27.html National Pollutant Inventory – Copper and compounds fact sheet] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302034606/http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/27.html |date=2 March 2008 }}. Npi.gov.au. Retrieved on 9 December 2011.</ref> Also called ''Prince Rupert's metal'', the alloy was named after [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine]].
|-
| [[ounce metal]] || 85 || 5 || 5 || 5 || || Sometimes called "red brass"
|-
| ''copper alloy C23000'' || 84–85.9 || 14-16 || || minimum 0.07%  || minimum 0.05% iron || <ref name="alcobrametals.com"/><ref name="suppliersonline.com">{{cite web|title=C23000 Copper Alloys (Red Brass, C230) Material Property Data Sheet |url=http://www.suppliersonline.com/propertypages/C23000.asp |access-date=26 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330005005/http://www.suppliersonline.com/propertypages/C23000.asp |archive-date=30 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sometimes called "red brass"
|-
| Red brass, Rose brass (C230)|| 85 || 5 || 5 || 5 || || Both an American term for the copper-zinc-tin alloy known as [[gunmetal]], and an alloy which is considered both a brass and a bronze.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Ammen| first = C. W.|title = Metalcasting|publisher = McGraw–Hill Professional|year = 2000|page = [https://archive.org/details/metalcasting00cwam/page/133 133]|isbn = 978-0-07-134246-9|url=https://archive.org/details/metalcasting00cwam|url-access = registration}}</ref><ref name=twsI26>{{cite news
 |author= Jeff Pope
 |title= Plumbing problems may continue to grow
 |newspaper= Las Vegas Sun
 |quote= ... Red brass typically has 5 percent to 10 percent zinc ...
 |date= 23 February 2009
 |url= http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2009/feb/23/plumbing-problems-may-continue-grow/
 |access-date= 9 July 2011
}}</ref> Red brass is also an alternative name for ''copper alloy C23000'', which is composed of 14–16% zinc, a minimum 0.05% iron and minimum 0.07% lead content,<ref name="alcobrametals.com"/> and the remainder copper.<ref name="suppliersonline.com"/> It may also refer to [[ounce metal]] (Cu 85.0, Zn 5.0, Pb 5.0, Sn 5.0).
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap" | Rich low brass, [[Tombac]] || 80-97 || 5–20 || || || || Often used in jewelry applications. Many variations.
|-
| [[Silicon tombac]] || 80 || 16 || || || 4% silicon || Used as an alternative for investment cast steel parts.
|-
| Tonval brass || || || || &gt;{{nbsp}}0 || || Also called CW617N or CZ122 or OT58. It is not recommended for sea water use, being susceptible to dezincification.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Surveying Yachts and Small Craft|publisher = Adlard Coles|year = 2011|page = 125|quote= Beware of through hull fittings and tailpipes, or any other component in the assembly, made of TONVAL. This is basically brass and totally unsuitable for use below the waterline due to its tendency to dezincify and disintegrate|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ULky89_6e0QC&pg=PA125|isbn = 9781408114032}}</ref><ref>[http://www.aquafax.co.uk/aquafax_v2/html/images/aceimages/TechData.pdf Print Layout 1] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808150005/http://www.aquafax.co.uk/aquafax_v2/html/images/aceimages/TechData.pdf |date=8 August 2007 }}. (PDF) . Retrieved on 9 December 2011.</ref>
|-
| Yellow brass || 67 || 33 || || || || An American term for 33% zinc brass.
|}