Editing Bottom-up and top-down design (section)

===Public health===

Both top-down and bottom-up approaches are used in public health. There are many examples of top-down programs, often run by governments or large [[inter-governmental organizations]]; many of these are disease-or issue-specific, such as [[HIV]] control or [[smallpox]] [[Eradication of infectious diseases|eradication]]. Examples of bottom-up programs include many small NGOs set up to improve local access to healthcare. But many programs seek to combine both approaches; for instance, [[guinea worm eradication]], a single-disease international program currently run by the [[Carter Center]] has involved the training of many local volunteers, boosting bottom-up capacity, as have international programs for hygiene, sanitation, and access to primary healthcare.