Editing Bomb threat (section)

==Targets==
===Schools and universities===
Bomb threats are often made toward educational institutions. They are typically by students who are overwhelmed by academic pressure,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalmaine.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://en.wikipedia.org/&httpsredir=1&article=1078&context=opla_docs|title=Final Report of the Joint Study Committee to Study Bomb Threats in Maine Schools|last=Maine State Legislature|date=1 November 2000|access-date=5 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/sacramento/press-releases/2015/fresno-woman-pleads-guilty-to-bomb-threat-hoax-at-fresno-city-college|title=FBI — Fresno Woman Pleads Guilty to Bomb Threat Hoax at Fresno City College|work=FBI}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-massachusetts-bomb-threats-idUSKCN0IW2HI20141112|title=Five Massachusetts schools receive hoax bomb threats|date=12 November 2014|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-06-30|archive-date=2015-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018014053/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/12/us-usa-massachusetts-bomb-threats-idUSKCN0IW2HI20141112|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-louisiana-threat-idUSKBN0GD23G20140813|title=Man indicted for bomb hoax at Louisiana university|date=13 August 2014|work=Reuters}}</ref> are resentful of the school, and/or are acting on violent impulses. Their frustration may be aimed at specific groups or individuals that are part of the school’s community.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/rl-v-cent-york-sch-dist-1|title=R.L. v. Cent. York Sch. Dist., 183 F. Supp. 3d 625 -- Factual Summary|work=Casetext}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/wisconsin/court-of-appeals/2018/2017ap001905.html|title=State v. J.P. (In the Interest of J.P.)|work=Justia}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web|url=https://cases.justia.com/wisconsin/court-of-appeals/2000AP003095-(2001-04-03).pdf?ts=1396152446|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306084945/https://cases.justia.com/wisconsin/court-of-appeals/2000AP003095-%282001-04-03%29.pdf?ts=1396152446|url-status=live|title=State v. Jacob J.B. (in the Interest of Jacob J.B.), 2001 Wisc.|archive-date=2021-03-06|work=Justia}}</ref> During 1999— which was the most recent year with publicly published data as of 2005— roughly 5% of bomb threats made in the United States targeted schools. Over a decade later bomb threats against schools saw a 33% increase of while threats against residences decreased by 35% between 2014 and 2016. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.atf.gov/resource-center/infographics/bomb-threats-across-united-states|title=Bomb Threats Across the United States|date=August 17, 2018|website=ATF|access-date=April 14, 2019}}</ref> Perpetrators of bomb threats are usually immediately expelled or fired from the school. {{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

On December 16, 2013 at approximately 8:30 a.m. the final exams at [[Harvard University]] were disrupted by several anonymous emails threatening plant [[wikt:nail bomb|shrapnel bombs]] at various locations on the campus.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024|reason=The article never mentions the type of bomb.}} The FBI charged Eldo Kim, a [[sophomore]] at Harvard, for the false bomb threats on the following day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/12/17/student-charged-bomb-threat/|title=Harvard Sophomore Charged in Bomb Threat|last=Fandos|first=Nicholas|date=18 December 2013|website=The Harvard Crimson|language=en|access-date=2024-09-24}}</ref>

Eldo Kim agreed to take responsibility for his attempt to cancel the fall 2013 final exams on November 19th, 2014. Following his legal agreement, Kim agreed to publish his confession in [[The Harvard Crimson]] on November 25th, pay restitution to law enforcement agencies, complete a rehabilitative "diversionary program", remain under home confinement for four months, and perform 750 hours of community service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2014/11/25/eldo-kim-apology-threat/|title=One Year Later, Kim Apologizes for Bomb Threat Hoax|last=Klein|first=Mariel|date=25 November 2014|website=The Harvard Crimson|language=en|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/boston/press-releases/2013/harvard-student-charged-with-bomb-hoax|title=Harvard Student Charged with Bomb Hoax|last=U.S. Attorney’s Office|date=17 December 2013|work=FBI|access-date=5 June 2019}}</ref>

===Public figures===
Bomb threats against political figures such as the [[President of the United States]], occur regularly and are illegal under the United States Code Title 18, Section 871 law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/871|title=18 USCS 871|website=Legal Information Institute|access-date=24 December 2019}}</ref>

The [[British royal family]], specifically Queen Elizabeth, has faced bomb threats based on blame for the actions of the British government.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/16/bomb-plot-kill-queen-foiled-detectives/|title='This one is for the Queen': Man jailed over bomb threat made during historic Royal visit to Ireland|last=Harley|first=Nicola|date=16 December 2016|work=The Telegraph|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> Celebrities may also be the victims of bomb threats, especially those who have expressed political views,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newsweek.com/nine-people-targeted-mailed-pipe-bombs-1187432|title=BOMB THREAT: HERE'S EVERYONE WHO'S BEEN TARGETED AND EVERYTHING WE KNOW SO FAR|last=Hutzler|first=Alexander|date=25 October 2018|work=Newsweek|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> or those who are leaders of political causes.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Author [[Salman Rushdie]] and his publisher faced multiple bomb threats from Islamic fundamentalist groups because of his controversial book [[The Satanic Verses]], which was interpreted by these groups as opposing Muslim ideology.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/14/books/rushdie-novel-brings-bomb-threats.html|title=Rushdie Novel Brings Bomb Threats|last=Mitgang|first=Herbert|date=14 January 1989|work=The New York Times|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref>

===Government and public infrastructure===
[[File:Bomb threat 20080316 Salon du livre.jpg|thumb|Evacuation of the [[Paris Expo Porte de Versailles]] during the 2008 Salon du livre de Paris, after a bomb threat]]

Many buildings are the recipients of bomb threats, including transportation hubs such as airports and train stations,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/ccf3d087231d48948bc0d205e8fe8b9a|title=Norwegian Air plane evacuated after receiving threat|date=7 February 2019|work=Associated Press|access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/b44d94e972e64708803c5b13c550449e|title=Amsterdam airport departure area evacuated for bomb threat|date=31 December 2018|work=Associated Press|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/59eb62333bbf4731a23ea240d0fc11ea|title=Flight held when crew fears bomb threat; no threat found|date=25 December 2018|work=Associated Press|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Mall evacuated over bomb threat">{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/7c651dba756448fe8f409166d52b4a21|title=Mall evacuated over bomb threat|date=24 December 2018|work=Associated Press|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> power plants, medical facilities,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/e1ab6581371e4238a66dec1d2ad8b223|title=Man pleads guilty to making bomb threat at veterans clinic|date=30 January 2019|work=Associated Press|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> and government buildings<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/us-v-darby-16|title=United States v. Darby, 37 F.3d 1059 |work=Casetext}}</ref> such as [[the Pentagon]],<ref name="Associated Press">{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/612ef0b94b6e48cdbea66715e526c3f3|title=Man pleads guilty of phoning bomb threats to Pentagon, CNN|date=31 January 2019|work=Associated Press|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> the US Embassy,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thebubble.com/bomb-threat-at-us-embassy-turns-out-to-be-false-alarm/|title=Bomb Threat At US Embassy Turns Out To Be False Alarm|last=McCay|first=Katie|date=24 January 2017|work=The Bubble|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> and the [[Casa Rosada]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ambito.com/politica/casa-rosada/amenaza-bomba-policias-la-ciudad-revisaron-el-edificio-n5344199|title=Bomb Threat At Argentina's House of Government, Police Are Searching|last=McCay|first=Katie|date=30 December 2021|work=Ámbito|access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref> Among these, airports, city halls, and courthouses are most likely to experience repeated bomb threats.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=Barrera|first=Dan Jerome S|date=20 July 2017|title=Bomb threats and reports of suspicious items in the Philippines: Spatial and temporal patterns|journal=Security Journal|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|volume=30|issue=3|pages=665–685|issn=0955-1662|eissn=1743-4645|doi=10.1057/sj.2015.1|s2cid=154319270}}</ref> Among bomb threats related to transportation, threats and false information knowingly provided about bombs on airplanes have the most severe response.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/levin-v-united-air-lines|title=Levin v. United Air Lines, Inc., 158 Cal. App. 4th 1002|via=Casetext}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-gray-248|title=United States v. Gray, 780 F.3d 458|work=Casetext}}</ref>

===Private institutions and businesses===
Private institutions and businesses, including as banks, department stores, malls, casinos, restaurants, manufacturing plants,<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=https://casetext.com/case/state-v-rivera-382|title=State v. Rivera, 42 Kan. App. 2d 914 |work=Casetext}}</ref> and truck stops, have been the recipients of bomb threats for various reasons.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Zaitsu|first=Wataru|date=14 October 2009|title=Bomb threats and offender characteristics in Japan|journal=Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling|volume=7|issue=1|pages=75–89|doi=10.1002/jip.106}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Häkkänen|first=Helinä|date=1 March 2006|title=Finnish Bomb Threats: Offence and Offender Characteristics|journal=International Journal of Police Science & Management|location=Vantaa, Finland|publisher=National Bureau of Investigation|volume=8|issue=1|pages=1–8|doi=10.1350/ijps.2006.8.1.1|s2cid=145741072}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/1c8b56c35ff04063b64df0de359e6313|title=Bomb threat leads to evacuation of Target store|date=22 December 2018|work=Associated Press|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Mall evacuated over bomb threat"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/603309037deb4c33b781d058281bfe21|title=Canadian man arrested for Deadwood casino bomb threats|date=20 February 2019|work=Associated Press|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/cf5a7eee611647edabc86d7952a7f6fd|title=Man in custody after bomb threat at Missouri truck stop|date=21 January 2019|work=Associated Press|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apnews.com/2046cd59c80546e1927a3655f14ab0e3|title=Man charged in school bomb threats facing sextortion charges|date=11 April 2019|work=Associated Press|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> Some bomb threats are made because of ideological differences or opposition to the mission or perceived mission of the institution, such as those made against [[Planned Parenthood]] and abortion clinics,<ref name="Woods">{{Cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2019/01/27/threats-against-planned-parenthood-posted-to-bronx-state-senators-facebook-page/|title=Threats against Planned Parenthood posted to Bronx state senator's Facebook page|last=Woods|first=Amanda|date=27 January 2019|work=New York Post|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/that-hoax-bomb-at-planned-parenthood-proves-threats-to-abortion-clinics-are-still-horribly-real-2969572|title=That Hoax Bomb At Planned Parenthood Proves Threats To Abortion Clinics Are Still Horribly Real|last=Busch|first=Monica|date=23 October 2017|website=Bustle|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.whittierdailynews.com/2017/10/21/bomb-squad-investigated-pipe-with-protruding-wires-found-in-front-of-whittier-planned-parenthood-office/|title=Bomb squad destroys 'hoax device' left outside Whittier Planned Parenthood office|last=Day|first=Brian|date=21 October 2017|work=Whittier Daily News|access-date=14 April 2019}}</ref> news organizations such as [[CNN]],<ref name="Associated Press"/> or nuclear facilities.<ref name=":10">Mazur, Allan. “Bomb Threats and the Mass Media: Evidence for a Theory of Suggestion.” ''American Sociological Review'', vol. 47, no. 3, 1982, pp. 407–411. ''JSTOR'', www.jstor.org/stable/2094997.</ref> From 1983 to 1992, the World Trade Center experienced roughly 350 bomb threats and scares for various reasons.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|url=https://www.leagle.com/decision/innyco20110922277|title=Matter of World Trade Ctr. Bombing Litig., 17 N.Y.3d 428|website=Leagle}}</ref>

Some threats are motivated by money, involving an offender demanding a payoff from a bank or department store over a public phone.<ref name=":8" /> Other reasons for attacking a restaurant or shopping center include revenge or vandalism, the primary motives found in a study analyzing 69 Finnish offenders.<ref name=":9" />