Editing Bolsheviks (section)

===Split between Lenin and Bogdanov (1908–10)===
Tensions had existed between Lenin and [[Alexander Bogdanov]] from as early as 1904. Lenin had fallen out with [[Nikolai Valentinov]] after Valentinov had introduced him to [[Ernst Mach]]'s [[Empiriocriticism]], a viewpoint that Bogdanov had been exploring and developing as [[Alexander Bogdanov#Bolshevism|Empiriomonism]]. Having worked as co-editor with Plekhanov, on ''Zarya'', Lenin had come to agree with the Valentinov's rejection of Bogdanov's Empiriomonism.<ref name = Left-Bol>{{cite book|last= Biggart|first= John|title= Alexander Bogdanov, left-Bolshevism and the Proletkult 1904–1932|date=1989 | publisher =University of East Angla| location= Norwich| asin = B001ON1IY4 | asin-tld=co.uk}}</ref>

With the defeat of the revolution in mid-1907 and the adoption of a new, highly restrictive election law, the Bolsheviks began debating whether to boycott the new parliament known as the [[Third Duma]]. Lenin, [[Grigory Zinoviev]], [[Lev Kamenev]], and others argued for participating in the Duma while Bogdanov, [[Anatoly Lunacharsky]], [[Mikhail Pokrovsky]], and others argued that the social democratic faction in the [[Duma]] should be recalled.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wolfe|first=Bertram D.|title= Three Who Made a Revolution|date=1966|publisher=Penguin|location= London | isbn = 0-14-020783-X|page=410|author-link=Bertram Wolfe}}</ref> The latter became known as "[[recallists]]" ([[Russian language|Russian]]: ''otzovists''). A smaller group within the Bolshevik faction demanded that the RSDLP Central Committee should give its sometimes unruly Duma faction an ultimatum, demanding complete subordination to all party decisions. This group became known as "[[ultimatists]]" and was generally allied with the recallists.

With most Bolshevik leaders either supporting Bogdanov or undecided by mid-1908 when the differences became irreconcilable, Lenin concentrated on undermining Bogdanov's reputation as a philosopher. In 1909, he published a scathing book of criticism entitled ''[[Materialism and Empirio-criticism]]'' (1909),<ref>{{Citation | place = Moscow | date = May 1909 | publisher = Zveno Publishers | url = http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/ | title = Materialism & Empiriocriticism | access-date = 25 March 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060118084658/http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/ | archive-date = 18 January 2006 | url-status = live }}.</ref> assaulting Bogdanov's position and accusing him of [[philosophical idealism]].<ref>{{Citation | first = Alan | last = Woods | title = Bolshevism: The Road to Revolution | publisher = Wellred | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-900007-05-3 | chapter-url = http://www.marxist.com/bolshevism/part3-5.html | chapter = Part Three: The Period of Reaction | access-date = 25 March 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060429210437/http://www.marxist.com/bolshevism/part3-5.html | archive-date = 29 April 2006 | url-status = live }}.</ref> In June 1909, Bogdanov proposed the formation of Party Schools as Proletarian Universities at a Bolshevik mini-conference in Paris organised by the editorial board of the Bolshevik magazine ''[[Proletary]]''. However, this proposal was not adopted and Lenin tried to expel Bogdanov from the Bolshevik faction.<ref>{{Citation | title = A Documentary History of Communism in Russia | editor-first = Robert V | editor-last = Daniels | publisher = UPNE | year = 1993 | isbn = 0-87451-616-1 | page = 33}}.</ref> Bogdanov was then involved with setting up [[Vpered]], which ran the [[Capri Party School]] from August to December 1909.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Marot | first = John Eric | title = Alexander Bogdanov, Vpered, and the Role of the Intellectual in the Workers' Movement | journal = Russian Review | volume = 49 | issue = 3 (Special Issue on Alexander Bogdanov) | pages = 241–64 | publisher = Blackwell | date = July 1990 | doi = 10.2307/130152 | jstor = 130152}}</ref>