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=== Aftermath === The SST race has had several lasting effects on the industry as a whole. The first airliner to use a [[supercritical wing]] was the 1962 [[Vickers VC-10]]. This idea from the 1940s was developed further as part of the SST efforts in the US, and is now widely used on most jet aircraft. In Europe, the cooperation that allowed Concorde led to the formation of [[Airbus]], Boeing's foremost competitor, with Aérospatiale becoming a main component of Airbus.<ref>[http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/Airbus/Aero52.htm Airbus Industrie] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825124308/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/Airbus/Aero52.htm |date=August 25, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wing design |url=https://www.vc10.net/Technical/wing_shapes.html |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=www.vc10.net|archive-url=https://wayback-api.archive.org/web/20250519184142/https://www.vc10.net/Technical/wing_shapes.html|archive-date=2025-05-19}}</ref>{{citation-needed|reason=No source provided for SST/supercritical airfoil development in the US|date=May 2025}} When Concorde was launched, sales were predicted to be 150 aircraft, but only 14 aircraft were built for commercial service. Service entry was only secured through large government funding subsidy.{{citation needed|reason=what value?|date=December 2016}} These few aircraft went on to have a very long in-service flight life and were claimed to be ultimately commercially successful for their operators, until finally removed from service in the aftermath of the type's [[Air France Flight 4590|only crash in 2000]] and the [[9/11 terrorist attacks]] when Airbus decided to end servicing arrangements.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/europe-travel/france/paris/ba-chief-blames-french-for-killing-off-concorde-jb9v0xd5hj6 |title=BA chief blames French for killing off Concorde |work=[[The Times]] |first=Ben |last=Webster |date=1 May 2003 |access-date=1 August 2022}}</ref> Its Soviet counterpart, the [[Tupolev Tu-144]], was less successful, operating for only 55 passenger flights before being permanently grounded for [[Tupolev Tu-144#Reasons for failure and cancellation|various reasons]].<ref>[http://www.tu144sst.com/accidents/accidentsindex.html "Accidents/Incidents"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429074830/http://www.tu144sst.com/accidents/accidentsindex.html |date=April 29, 2016}}, TU144sst.com, Retrieved: July 31, 2011</ref> With the ending of the 2707 project, the entire SST field in the U.S. was moribund for some time. By the mid-1970s, minor advances, combined, appeared to offer greatly improved performance. Through the second half of the 1970s, [[NASA]] provided funding for the Advanced Supersonic Transport (AST) project at several companies, including [[McDonnell Douglas]], Boeing, and Lockheed. Considerable [[wind tunnel]] testing of the various models was carried out at NASA's [[Langley Research Center]].<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Jim Schefter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA62 |title=New aerodynamic design, new engines, spawn a revival of the SST |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203063337/https://books.google.ca/books?id=NQEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA62 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |magazine=Popular Science |date=July 1979 |pages=62–65, 129–130}}</ref> Although British Airways operated Concorde at a profit of around £30 million a year, Air France and British Airways announced the retirement of the only two remaining supersonic transport fleets in 2003; citing rising maintenance costs, low passenger numbers following the [[Air France Flight 4590|25 July 2000 crash]], and the slump in air travel following the [[September 11 attacks]]. {{asof|2025}} no commercial supersonic transports are operating.<ref name="concorde">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-24629451 |title=Could Concorde ever fly again? No, says British Airways |work=BBC News |date=October 24, 2013 |access-date=October 6, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827014203/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-24629451 |archive-date=August 27, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2934257.stm |title=Concorde grounded for good |work=BBC News |access-date=30 June 2011 |date=10 April 2003 |archive-date=4 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804154034/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2934257.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>
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