Editing Bob Hawke (section)

===Leadership style===
<!-- [[File:William Cheung and Bob Hawke.jpg|thumb|[[William Cheung]] and Bob Hawke in traditional Chinese attire in 1983]] -->
After Labor's landslide victory, Hawke was sworn in as the Prime Minister by the Governor-General [[Ninian Stephen]] on 11 March 1983. The style of the [[Hawke government]] was deliberately distinct from the [[Whitlam government]], the Labor government that preceded it. Rather than immediately initiating multiple extensive reform programs as Whitlam had, Hawke announced that [[Malcolm Fraser]]'s pre-election concealment of the budget deficit meant that many of Labor's election commitments would have to be deferred.<ref>Kelly, P., (1992), p.57</ref> As part of his internal reforms package, Hawke divided the government into two tiers, with only the most senior ministers sitting in the [[Cabinet of Australia]]. The Labor caucus was still given the authority to determine who would make up the Ministry, but this move gave Hawke unprecedented powers to empower individual ministers.<ref name="Kelly-1992a">Kelly, P., (1992), p. 30</ref>

After Australia won the [[1983 America's Cup|America's Cup]] in 1983 Hawke said "any boss who sacks anyone for not turning up today is a bum", effectively declaring an impromptu national public holiday.<ref>{{cite magazine |issue=116 |publication-date=September 2013 |url=https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2013/09/looking-back-the-1983-americas-cup-win/ |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |quote=“I’LL TELL YOU what: any boss who sacks a worker for not turning up today is a bum.” Australians tend to remember these words fondly coming from the mouth of then prime minister Bob Hawke after Australia II won the America’s Cup yacht race, breaking a 132-year winning streak for the USA. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807093257/https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2013/09/looking-back-the-1983-americas-cup-win/ |date=26 September 2013 |first=Natsumi |last=Penberthy|title=Looking back: The 1983 America's Cup win |magazine=[[Australian Geographic]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/sailing/flashback-1983-wild-celebrations-as-australia-ii-wins-america-s-cup-20180926-p50636.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807113952/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/sailing/flashback-1983-wild-celebrations-as-australia-ii-wins-america-s-cup-20180926-p50636.html |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |url-status=live |work=[[The Age]] |quote=Many, including the Prime Minister, Mr Hawke, kept an all-night vigil. Mr Hawke, showered in champagne at the Royal Perth Yacht Club in the early hours, laughingly declared a national holiday. We’d be a nation of zombies anyway, he said.|date=26 September 2018 |orig-date=26 September 1983 |first=Bruce |last=Stannard |title=Flashback 1983: Wild celebrations as Australia II wins America's Cup |via=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/americas-cup-win |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807114324/https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/americas-cup-win |access-date=7 August 2024 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |url-status=live |title=America's Cup win |quote=Any boss who sacks anyone for not turning up today is a bum. |at=Prime Minister Bob Hawke, 27 September 1983 |work=[[National Museum of Australia]]}}</ref>

[[File:BannonHawke.jpg|thumb|left|Hawke presenting a relief cheque to [[John Bannon]], [[Premier of South Australia]] following the 1983 [[Ash Wednesday bushfires]]]]

In particular, the political partnership that developed between Hawke and his [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]], [[Paul Keating]], proved to be essential to Labor's success in government, with multiple Labor figures in years since citing the partnership as the party's greatest ever.<ref>{{cite web |title=CONDOLENCES - Hawke, Hon. Robert James Lee (Bob), AC |url=https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Hansard/Hansard_Display?bid=chamber/hansards/79f1fe78-5449-42d1-be9b-3f40736f1a19/&sid=0004 |website=Hansard |publisher=Parliament of Australia |access-date=19 June 2021 |language=en-AU |date=3 July 2019 |archive-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027134521/https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Hansard/Hansard_Display?bid=chamber/hansards/79f1fe78-5449-42d1-be9b-3f40736f1a19/&sid=0004 |url-status=live }}</ref> The two men proved a study in contrasts: Hawke was a [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholar]]; Keating left high school early.<ref>Edwards, J.,(1996), p.44</ref> Hawke's enthusiasms were cigars, betting and most forms of sport; Keating preferred [[classical architecture]], [[Gustav Mahler|Mahler]] symphonies and collecting [[British Regency]] and [[First French Empire|French Empire]] antiques.<ref>Edwards, J.,(1996), p.6, p.48</ref> Despite not knowing one another before Hawke assumed the leadership in 1983, the two formed a personal as well as political relationship which enabled the Government to pursue a significant number of reforms, although there were occasional points of tension between the two.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hawke memorial: Keating on a friendship that lasted to the end |url=https://www.afr.com/politics/federal/bob-hawke-memorial-paul-keating-leads-mourners-20190614-p51xpi |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=Australian Financial Review |date=15 June 2019 |language=en |url-access=subscription |archive-date=1 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201105902/https://www.afr.com/politics/federal/bob-hawke-memorial-paul-keating-leads-mourners-20190614-p51xpi |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Labor Caucus under Hawke also developed a more formalised system of parliamentary [[political faction|factions]], which significantly altered the dynamics of caucus operations.<ref name="Kelly-1992a"/> Unlike many of his predecessor leaders, Hawke's authority within the Labor Party was absolute. This enabled him to persuade MPs to support a substantial set of policy changes which had not been considered achievable by Labor governments in the past. Individual accounts from ministers indicate that while Hawke was not often the driving force behind individual reforms, outside of broader economic changes, he took on the role of providing political guidance on what was electorally feasible and how best to sell it to the public, tasks at which he proved highly successful. Hawke took on a very public role as Prime Minister, campaigning frequently even outside of election periods, and for much of his time in office proved to be incredibly popular with the Australian electorate; to this date he still holds the highest ever [[Nielsen Corporation|AC Nielsen]] approval rating of 75%.<ref name="Coorey-2008"/>